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Ex. 12. Express a similar idea with “not”.
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Teacher: I have failed to find the error.
Student: I haven’t found the error.
1. He has failed to find the interpretation of this effect.
2. I have failed to understand the theory.
3. We have failed to confirm the results.
4. They have failed to resolve this difficulty.
5. They have failed to calculate the energy losses.
6. He has failed to observe any difference between the readings.
7. We have failed to see any advantage of this method over the other one.
8. They have failed to show the independence of these mechanisms.
9. She has failed to deduce such a formula.
Ex. 13. Change the following statements into the present perfect negative with “yet”.
Teacher: I am going to complete this experiment.
Student: I haven’t completed this experiment yet.
1. He is going to calculate the energy losses.
2. She is going to use these data for the experiment.
3. We are going to review the data.
4. I am going to read the paper once more.
5. He is going to write his thesis.
6. They are going to send us reprints of their papers.
7. We are going to try this approach.
8. Mr. Brown is going to try this installation.
9. The head of the laboratory is going to look through the program.
10. He is going to introduce the results of the experiment.
Ex. 14. Add an appropriate tail question to the statements and give a short reply.
Teacher: You have read my recent paper.
Student 1st: You have read my recent paper, haven’t you?
2nd; No, I haven’t.
Teacher: You haven’t written your doctoral thesis yet.
Student 3rd; You haven’t written your doctoral thesis yet, have you?
4th: Yes, I have.
1. You have read the program of the seminar.
2. The results of the recent experiments have made a great impression on you.
3. You have never been to Oxford University.
4. Plasma physics has made great progress lately.
5. They have not been abroad.
6. She has published three papers.
7. I have recently written a monograph.
8. They have not worked for a long time in this field of research.
9. Scientists have analysed much of the data in various fields of physics in terms of the quantum theory.
10. The studies described in this paper have become classical ones.
Ex. 15. Ask and answer the following questions.
Teacher: Ask another student if he has ever written any scientific articles.
Students 1st: Have you ever written any scientific article?
2nd: No, but I think of writing a scientific article.
1. Ask another student if he has ever heard of the latest discoveries in his field of research.
2. … if his research has been successful.
3. … if he has ever thought of changing his occupation.
4. … if she has read many books on her speciality.
5. … if he has worked much lately.
6. … if she has ever been to English speaking countries.
7. … if he has had any difficulties in his work.
Ex. 16. Ask your fellow students a few questions about their achievements in research. Do this with general and tail questions.
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Student 1st: Have you finished writing your paper on superconductivity?
2nd: No, but I am going to do this next year.
3rd: You have completed your experiments on light scattering, haven’t you?
4th: No, I think they will take one more year.
Ex. 17. Answer the following questions.
Teacher: How long have you worked in this research institute?
Students: Over ten years.
1. Why have you become a physicist?
2. How often have you been away to other scientific laboratories?
3. What difficulties have you had in your work lately?
4. What results of your experiments have you published recently?
5. Why have you chosen this very field of investigation?
6. What literature on your speciality have you read this year?
7. Why have you decided to choose this theme for your thesis?
8. Whom have you consulted with on the problems of your research?
9. What well – known scientists in your field of research have you heard about?
Ex. 18. Ask and answer the following questions.
Teacher: Ask another student how long he has worked on the theme of his thesis.
Student 1st: How long have you worked on the theme of your thesis?
2nd: For about two years.
1. Ask another student what he has achieved since his first steps in research.
2. … what international conferences he has attended.
3. … what results she has obtained from her recent work.
4. … how often he has had the department seminars.
5. … what considerable progress your friend has made in the field of his research.
6. … what new data he has received during his last experiment.
7. … what serious drawbacks she has noticed in the last article.
Ex. 19. Ask your fellow students a few questions about their scientific activities and results. Use various types of questions in the present perfect.
Student 1st: What result have you obtained from the experiment you told us about last month?
2nd: I have failed with it completely. Now I am preparing for a similar experiment.
3rd: Why have you failed with it?
2nd: I am going to make it clear soon.
Ex. 20. Answer the questions:
1. Have you already obtained any research results?
2. Has your research been successful?
3. Have you succeeded in receiving extensive data?
4. Do your research data correspond with the theory you follow?
5. Do your results coincide with those obtained by other researchers?
6. Are the data you have obtained sufficient to formulate your final conclusion?
7. What conclusions have you come to?
Ex. 21. Complete the sentences which contain the words from the Active Vocabulary Section. Speak about your research results and conclusions.
1. The research has been under way for a year and I’ve got ….
2. The results we have … so far cannot be used to ….
3. Unfortunately, we have failed to … but succeeded in ….
4. As a result of numerous experiments performed we have obtained sufficient data to ….
5. We have come to the conclusion that ….
Ex. 22. Act out the situations.
Situation I. Suppose one of the Students is visiting a British or American research laboratory. He is very much interested in the recent research work of his foreign colleagues. The other students answer his questions.
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Situation II. How the same student answers the questions of his foreign colleagues who are eager to know about the recent work in this field in Russia.
Ex. 23. Written Practice.
Suppose you have to write a paper on your recent work. Write an introduction, in which you must give the statement of the problem to be considered and a brief review of the latest developments in this particular field.
Text 1.
Ex. 1. Read the text.
The Internet.
The Internet is now a household term in many countries and has become a part of life for most of the business world. With millions of people connecting to the World Wide Web, computer networking has moved to the status of TV sets and microwave ovens. The Internet has usually high media coverage, with weblogs often “scooping” traditional media outlets for new stories, while virtual reality environments such as online games and the rest have developed into the “Internet culture”.
Of course, networking has been around for a long time. Connecting computers to form local area networks has been common practice, even at small installations, and so have long – haul links using transmission lines provided by telecommunication companies. A rapidly growing conglomerate of worldwide networks has, however, made joining the global village a perfectly reasonable option for nearly everyone with access to a computer. Setting up a broadband Internet host with fast mail and web access is becoming more and more affordable.
Talking about computer networks often means talking about Unix. Of course, Unix is not the only operating system with network capabilities. It has been in the networking business for a long time and will surely continue to be for some time to come. What makes Unix particularly interesting to private users is that there has been much activity to bring free Unix – like operating systems to the PC, such as Linux and some others.
Linux is a freely distributable Unix clone for personal computers that currently runs on a variety of machines.
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