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Exercise 1.Write down the questions for these answers.
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1. Money is used for buying or selling goods, for measuring value and for storing wealth.
2. In primitive societies a system of barter was used.
3. Barter is a system of direct exchange of goods.
4. Barter was not a very practical system.
5. Cattle, grain, teeth, shells, feather, salt, tobacco were used instead of money.
6. People started to make coins from precious metals because they were portable and durable.
7. A coin is a disc-shaped piece of metal.
8. Coins have been made of gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), plastic and in China even from pressed leaves.
9. Gold is a symbol of power and wealth.
10. 'Gold fever' is the need to search for gold.
11. Paper money is more convenient then coins.
12. Cheques, bankers' cards, and credit cards are becoming very popular.
13. It is possible that one day 'money' in the form of coins and paper currency will no longer be used.
Exercise 2. Explain the meaning:
1. money economy
2. system of barter
3. precious metals are portable
4. precious metals are durable
5. precious metals are recognizable
6. precious metals are divisible into larger and smaller units of value
AMERICAN MONEY
American dollar is subdivided into one hundred cents. The dollars are issued by the Federal Reserve System, established by Congress in 1913. All the banknotes bear the words: In Cod We Trust.
On the face of American dollars one can see the portraits of the following famous persons:
· George Washington (1732—1799), the first President of the
United States of America, who gave his name to the capital of the country. George Washington became the first President after the successful war of 13 British colonies for independence. After they won the war they formed 13 states and united to make the United States of America. Thus Independence was proclaimed on July 4, 1776.
· Abraham Lincoln (1809—1865), who was President from 1861 to 1865 after the war between the northern and southern states. It was he who proclaimed freedom of slaves of the south.
· Alexander Hamilton (1755—1804), a famous American statesman, who fought in the Independence War together with general George Washington. Later he became the first Secretary of the Treasury.
· Andrew Jackson (1767—1845), who was President of the USA from 1829 to 1837, when Texas won independence from Mexico.
· Ulysses Grant (1822—1885), who was President of the USA from 1869 to 1877 when the Centennial Exposition was held in Philadelphia.
· Benjamin Franklin (1706—1790), a very popular public figure, writer, diplomat and scientist. It was he who invented bifocal spectacles among many other things.
On the back of banknotes various famous buildings are a lured, such as:
· Lincoln Monument, one of the monuments in Washington
· US Treasury Building, in Washington
· White House, house of every President, except George Washington, who only planned the capital of the USA.
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· US Capitol, which houses the Senate and the House of Representatives
· Independence Hall, in Philadelphia, where Independence of the 13 British colonies was proclaimed.
EXERCISES
Exercise 1. Translate into English:
1. Именно он стал первым президентом страны.
2. Это его портрет изображен на оборотной стороне этой банкноты.
3. Именно в 1999 г. большинство стран Евросоюза перешли на евро.
4. В этой, да именно в этой стране началось производство стали.
5. Именно в Лондоне в 1851 г. проводилась первая всемирная
выставка.
Exercise 2. Choose the correct voice form of the Verb given in brackets:
1. The American dollar (subdivides, is subdivided) into 100 cents.
2. The English pound (subdivides, is subdivided) into 100 pence.
3. The dollar (issues, is issued) by the Federal Reserve System.
4. On the back of many American banknotes various famous buildings (featured, are featured).
5. It was Abraham Lincoln who (proclaimed, was proclaimed) freedom of slaves.
6. All the banknotes (bear, are borne) the words «In God We Trust».
7. The Federal Reserve System (established, was established) by Congress in 1913.
8. Independence of the States (proclaimed, was proclaimed) on July 4,1776.
Exercise 3. Sum up what the text says about:
the issuer of American dollar notes the inscription on the face
the famous buildings on the back American coins
Exercise 4. Write what you know about the famous persons, whose portraits are featured on the face of American dollars: George Washington, Abraham Lincoln and Benjamin Franklin.
Exercise 5. Say what is unscripted on the face and on the back of Russian banknotes.
ENGLISH MONEY.
In 2006 the official currency of the United Kingdom was still keeping the pound sterling but the possibility of joining the euro is being widely debated. The pound sterling is equal to one hundred pence.
English banknotes are issued by the Bank of England. As to coins they are minted also by this state bank.
There are banknotes of the following denominations:
£1 £20
£5 £50
£10 £100
On the face of English banknotes one can read the denomination given both in figures and in words. Then the inscription on the face of the banknote reads: I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of... And then there are two signatures. The first signature is that of the person authorized by the Government and the Bank of England. The second signature is that of the Chief Cashier.
The backs of English banknotes, like many other banknotes, feature portraits of different famous people.
· The one pound banknote, for example, features Isaac Newton (1642—1727), a well-known English scientist who made a few very important discoveries including gravitation law.
· The back of the five pound note portrays the Duke of Wellington (-1769—1852), a famous Irish general who defeated Napoleon at Waterloo, Belgium in 1815.
· On the back of the ten pound note one can see Florence Nightingale (1820—1910), founder of the nursing profession. She volunteered as a nurse to Turkey to take care of the wounded soldiers from Crimean War, war of England and France versus Russia.
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· And the back of the twenty pound banknote features William Shakespeare (1564—1616), the greatest playwright of all time.
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EXERCISES
Exercise 1. Underline the Predicates, read and translate the sentences:
1. New coins are being minted in this country now.
2. Where are these banknotes being printed?
3. A new daughter company was being founded when he visited Newall Ltd. last year.
4. Are these products being widely sold throughout the world?
5. This product is being launched on the Russian market.
6. A very good exhibition is being held in Novosibirsk
Exercise 2. Find the equivalents in the text:
1. Что же касается монет, то они...
2. На лицевой стороне можно увидеть...
3. На лицевой стороне написано...
4. Первая подпись — это подпись лица, уполномоченного правительством.
5. На оборотной стороне английских банкнот, как и у многих других банкнот,...
6. На оборотной стороне изображен....
7. Банкноты достоинством один фунт...
Exercise 3. Find the answers to the following questions in the text:
1. What is the official currency of the UK?
2. What is the smallest unit?
3. How many pence are there in one pound?
4. What banknotes and coins are in circulation in the UK now?
5. Who issues banknotes and mints coins in the UK?
6. What famous people are featured on the back of various English banknotes?
Exercise 4. Complete these sentences with the following words:
banknote, bearer, words, inscription, denomination, signature, Bank of England, Chief Cashier
1. On the face of English banknotes one can read the...
2. The... is given both in figures and in...
3. The... on the face of the... reads: I promise to pay the... on demand fifty Pounds.
4. The first... is that of the person authorized by the Government and the...
5. The second signature is that of the...
Exercise 5. Sum up what the text says about:
the UK currency
English coins
the backs of English banknotes
the faces of English banknotes
Exercise 6. Have a look at a banknote (coin) which is in circulation now in Russia and say a few words about:
1. its denomination
2. its issuer
3. inscriptions, if any
4. portraits, if any
5. flags, if any
6. other pictures
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