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Exercise 1. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents.
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| 1. agriculture (n) 2. hand-work 3. machine-work 4. demand (n) 5. steam-engine 6. product (n) 7. wage (n) 8. trade unionism 9. tenant (n) (of land) 10. trade (s) union 11. unemployment (n) 12. strike (n) 13. owner (n) 14. coalmine (n) 15. financial (a) 16. market (n) 17. social services 18. insurance (n) 19. legislation (n) 20. economic (a) 21. production (n) 22. affluent society | A.рынок B.сельское хозяйство C.социальное обеспечение D.производство E.физический труд F.механизированный труд G.профсоюз H.богатое общество (общество всеобщего благоденствия) I.арендатор (земельного участка) J.безработица K.угольная шахта L.законодательство; свод законов M.заработная плата (работников ручного труда) N.экономический O.профсоюзное движение P.паровой двигатель Q.товар R.финансовый S.забастовка T.спрос U.страховка; страхование V.владелец |
Exercise 2. Find the Russian equivalents of the following.
To overcome a difficult economic situation; insurance against unemployment, sickness and old age; a terrible hardship; Victorian values; to cut wages; free medical care; to reduce income tax; a period of economic growth and prosperity; to dominate the decade; a new breed of Briton.
Exercise 3. Find the English equivalents of the following.
Обязательное бесплатное образование; расширить систему социального обеспечения; развивать промышленность; движущая сила; высокий уровень безработицы; низкий уровень заработной платы; значительный рост частного сектора; национальное богатство; добыча нефти.
Exercise 4. Translate in written paragraphs 2 and 3 of the text beginning with
The words «Life in the new factories...» and ending with the words «...legal
Recognition of trade unions». When translating, please keep in mind the
Norms of the Russian language.
Exercise 5. Fill in the correct word or phrase from the list below. Use the words or phrases only once.
Legal; social reforms; rescue; to become; free; political changes.
1. … better off
2. … recognition
3. to witness …
4. a … operation
5. … medical care
6. … urgently needed
Exercise 6. Fill in the correct preposition.
1) to complain … something
2) … an unsuccessful attempt
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3) to begin … the collapse
4) to hand … to voters
5) to be… of work
6) to come…terms
7) increase…demand
Exercise 7. Say whether these sentences are true or false and explain why.
Rewrite false statements to make them true.
1. During Queen Victoria's reign, Britain did not export its goods all over the world.
2. At the end of 1976, the International Monetary Fund helped Britain overcome the difficult economic situation.
3. In the 1950s, British people did not have enough money to buy a car, fridge, and a television set.
4. In Victorian Britain, life in the new factories and towns was extremely interesting and joyful.
5. After World War I the economic situation in Britain was very difficult.
Exercise 8. Choose all the expressions that are appropriate in answering the questions.
1. The Industrial Revolution
2. The period after World War II
The National Health Service, the Labour government, the second half of the 18th century, legal recognition of trade unions, free medical care for everyone, the franchise to tenants of land, nationalization, all over the world, insurance against old age and sickness, more than a quarter of Britain's, increase in demand for products, national wealth, dirty slums, prosperity, the Welfare State, the Great Depression, fifteen or sixteen hours a day, Queen Victoria, the creation of the police force, free compulsory education, the workshop of the world, machine-work, the Industrial Revolution, hand-work, dangerous, unhealthy conditions, a series of inventions, the steam-engine.
Exercise 9. Look through the text again and write down ways to describe
What Margaret Thatcher's policy was like. Use the vocabulary of the text.
Exercise 10. Ask six questions on the text (in written form).
Exercise 11.
A. Say what the text is about. Comment on the content of the text (orally).
B. Present the general idea of the text in five-six sentences in written form.
TEXT 9. MADE IN BRITAIN
You now know that Britain used to have many manufacturing industries, but since the Second World War its service industries, especially banking and retailing, have expanded. Heavy industries, including steel manufacture and shipbuilding, have been replaced by high-technology manufacturing industries, such as aeroplane engine manufacture and Pharmaceuticals.
In Britain, there are only a few successful large companies, but very many successful small companies. Many of them appeared in the 1980s. It was at that time that small businesses began to increase rapidly. At the end of 1990 officially there was a total of more than 1.5 million small businesses, though the real figure, including the «black economy», was probably nearer two million. However proportionately there were 50 per cent more in West Germany and the United States, and about twice as many in France and Japan.
Unfortunately, many small businesses fail to survive, mainly as a result of poor management, but also because, compared with almost every other European Community member, Britain offers the least encouraging conditions. But such small businesses are important not only because large businesses grow from small ones, but also because over half the new jobs in Britain are created by firms employing fewer than 100 staff.
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The large companies invest a lot of money in research and development (R & D) to find new and better, usually high-technology, products. Glaxo is Britain's leading pharmaceutical company and is one of the largest in the world. It tries to find and make new medicines that can cure or reduce the effects of disease. BP (British Petroleum) is at present the second-largest company in Europe. It is involved in oil and gas exploration, oil refining and the manufacture of petrochemical products. It is investing money in making cleaner petrol.
Successful small manufacturing companies in the UK often make expensive products. These companies are successful because they use first-class materials, have excellent quality control and the workers are proud of what they make. Such companies include J.Barber & Sons, the Morgan Motor Company, Quad Electroacoustics, Wilkin & Sons. J.Barber & Sons makes waterproof jackets. Originally designed for fishermen and farmers, these waterproof jackets are now fashionable in cities throughout Europe and the US. The Morgan Motor Company produces elite cars. Quad Electroacousticsis is well-known for its expensive but high-quality loudspeakers and hi-fi equipment. Wilkin & Sons makes jams which British people cannot do without.
Notes and Commentary
European Community — Европейское сообщество («Общий рынок»); основано в 1957 году; Великобритания стала членом сообщества в 1973 году
EXERCISES
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