 |
Exercise 8. Here are the answers. What are the questions?
|
|
|
|
1. …………………………………………………………
Pre-school education.
2. …………………………………………………………….
At the age of 5.
3. ………………………………………………………………
To a junior school.
4. ……………………………………………………………
For the education in private schools.
5. ……………………………………………………………
From 11 to 18.
6. ………………………………………………………………….
Limited education.
7. ………………………………………………………………….
English, Literature, Music, Art, Drama.
8. ………………………………………………………………….
At around 16.
9. ………………………………………………………………….
For 2 further years.
10. …………………………………………………………………
A chance to enter the University.
Exercise 9. Complete the sentences:
1. The system of education in Great Britain includes…
2. Pre-schooleducation in England begins at….
3. Compulsory primary educationbegins at the age of …
4. When they are 7 pupils move to a ….
5. Most of children go to state …
6. Only a small proportion of them …..
7. The most notable Public schools are …
8. The fees are high and only some ….
9. Besides, parents can take their sons and daughters to …
10. Grammar schools prepare pupils for …
11. After finishing such a Modern school a pupil becomes…
Exercise 10. Answer the questions:
1. What stages does the system of education in Great Britain consist of?
2. At what age does the pre-school education begin in England?
3. At what age does the compulsory primary education begin in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland?
4. What subjects are taught in the infant school?
5. How long does the junior school last?
6. What subjects do the pupils study there?
7. What’s the difference between State school and Private school?
8. At what age does the secondary education begin in England?
9. What types of secondary schools are there?
10. What education do Grammar and Modern schools provide?
11. What are the most famous Public schools in England?
12. What exams must be taken to enter the University?
Exercise 11. Tell about the system of education in Great Britain using some key-words:
Pre-school education, primary education (infantschool andjuniorschool), secondary education (Comprehensiveschools, Grammarschools, Grammarschools), General Certificate of Education
Text 2
TYPES OF SCHOOLS
IN GREAT BRITAIN
Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.
English children must go to school when they are five, first to infant schools where they learn first steps in reading, writing and using numbers. Young children are divided into two groups according to their mental abilities. The curriculum for “strong” and “weak” groups is different, which is the beginning of future education contrasts.
|
|
|
When children leave infant school, at the age of seven, they go to junior schools until they are about eleven. Their school subjects include English, arithmetic, history, geography, nature study, swimming, music, art, religious instruction and organized games.
The junior classroom often looks rather like a workshop, especially when the pupils are working in groups making models or doing other practical work.
When pupils come to the junior school for the first time, they are still often divided into three «streams» - А, В and С - on the basis of their infant-school marks or sometimes after a special test. The brightest children go to the A-stream and the least gifted to the C-stream.
About 5 % of elementary school - leavers in Britain go to secondary modern schools. Modern schools do not provide complete secondary education. As the pupils are only considered to be interested in «practical» knowledge, study programmes are rather limited in comparison with other secondary schools. Some modern schools do not teach foreign languages. In modern schools pupils are also streamed according to their «intelligence».
The secondary technical school, in spite of its name, is not a specialized school. It teaches many general subjects. Boys and girls in technical schools study such practical subjects as woodwork, metalwork, needlework, shorthand (stenography) and typing. Not more than two per cent of schoolchildren in Britain go to technical schools.
The grammar school is a secondary school taking about 3% of children offering a full theoretical secondary education including foreign languages, and students can choose which subjects and languages they wish to study. In most of them there are food, chemistry and physics laboratories. The majority (80 or 85%) of grammar school students, mainly children of poorer families, leave school after taking a five-year course. Then they may take the General Certificate of Secondary Education at an ordinary level. The others continue their studies for another two or three years to obtain the General Certificate of Secondary Education at the advanced level, which allows them to enter a university.
The comprehensive school combines in one school the courses of all three types of secondary schools; so the pupils can study any subject which is taught in these schools. Their number is growing; there are more than two thousand of them now. They are of different types; all of them preserve some form of streaming, but pupils may be moved from one stream to another. Comprehensive schools take over 90 % of schoolchildren in Great Britain.
The comprehensive school is the most popular type of school, for it provides education for children from all strata.
There are many schools in Britain which are not controlled financially by the state. They are private schools, separate for boys and girls, and the biggest and most important of them are public schools charging high fees and training young people for political, diplomatic, military and religious service.
The doors of Oxford and Cambridge, the best English universities, are open to the public school-leavers.
|
|
|
Other non-state schools which charge fees are independent and preparatory schools. Many of independent schools belong to churches. Schools of this type prepare their pupils for public schools.
References
infant school - школа для детей от 5 до 7 лет (является частью обязательной средней школы)
junior school - начальная школа (начальные классы средней школы для детей от 7 до 10 лет)
(the) Eleven Plus Examinations -экзамен, сдаваемый ранее детьми по окончании начальной школы, в возрасте около 11 лет (использовался для отбора учащихся в «грамматические» школы, «технические» школы или «современные» школы; подобная процедура используется и сейчас некоторыми местными органами образования)
modern school - «современная» школа (государственная средняя школа, дающая неакадемическое образование с практическим уклоном; не дает права на поступление в университет)
technical school - «техническая» школа (средняя школа, дающая образование, в основном, с техническим уклоном; дает право на поступление в университет)
grammar school - «грамматическая» школа (государственная или частная средняя школа для детей с 11 до 18 лет, предоставляющая сильное классическое образование; дает право на поступление в университет)
the General Certificate of Secondary Education - аттестат о среднем образовании нового образца (введен с 1988 года)
the General Certificate of Secondary Education at the ordinary level -аттестат о среднем образовании обычного уровня или экзамены, сдаваемые по основным предметам, обычно в возрасте 15 или 16 лет (не дает права на поступление в университет)
the General Certificate of Secondary Education at the advanced level -аттестат о среднем образовании продвинутого уровня или экзамены на него, сдаваемые через два года после экзаменов обычного уровня (дает право на поступление в университет)
comprehensive school - «всеобщая» средняя школа (государственная школа для детей, проживающих в одном районе и сочетающая в себе классический, технический и неакадемический типы среднего образования)
public school - частная школа (платная школа для детей от 11 (или 13) до 18 лет; многие частные школы Великобритании имеют многовековые традиции и готовят своих выпускников к поступлению в лучшие университеты страны; часто являются школами раздельного для юношей и девушек образования; название «public school» («общественная школа») восходит к тому времени, когда школы этого типа впервые стали принимать детей не только из близлежащих местностей)
|
|
|
independent school - независимая школа (то же, что платная или негосударственная школа)
preparatory school - подготовительная школа (платная школа для детей от 7 до 13 лет; может входить в состав так называемой частной школы (public school) или существовать отдельно)
Vocabulary
schooling- школьное образование
state school- государственная школа
mental abilities- умственные способности
curriculum -программа
religious instruction -основы религии
organized games- зд.: физкультура
to be divided into streams- разделяться на потоки
to reveal -отражать
elementary school- начальная школа
to provide -предоставлять
complete secondary education - законченное среднее образование
intelligence - интеллект
to leave school – заканчивать школу
stratum (pl. strata) – социальный слой
private school – платная школа
to be controlled financially - контролироваться в финансовом отношении
to charge high fees - взимать высокую плату
to train smb. for political, diplomatic, military and religious service - готовить для политической, дипломатической, военной и церковной карьеры
school-leaver - выпускник
non-state school - негосударственная школа
Exercise 2. True or false:
1. English children must go to school when they are five.
2. Young children are divided into two groups according to their standard of living.
3. The junior classroom often looks rather like a shop.
4. When pupils come to the junior school for the first time, they are still often divided into three «streams» - А, В and С.
5. Usually these examinations should reveal not so much what a child has learned at school, but his mental abilities.
6. Modern schools provide complete secondary education.
7. Some modern schools do not teach foreign languages.
8. The grammar school is a secondary school offering a full theoretical secondary education including foreign languages.
9. The comprehensive school combines in one school the courses of all three types of secondary schools.
10. The doors of Oxford and Cambridge, the best English universities, are open to all school-leavers.
Exercise 3. Explain the meaning of the following words:
Start like this: Infant school is a school for children between the ages of 5 and 7. It is a part of compulsory secondary school.
Infant school, junior school, modern school, technical school, grammar school, comprehensive school, public school, independent school, preparatory school.
Exercise 4. Discussion
1. Name the main stages of English schooling and say if they correspond to the stages of schooling in our country.
2. Discuss the idea of streaming young children and of the Eleven Plus examination.
3. Speak on differences in education provided by different types of school in Britain. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each type.
4. Say if you are for or against private educational establishments. Give you reasons.
|
|
|
|
|
|
