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Exercise 5. Make up a summary of the text using the following scheme.
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TEXT 3
HIGHER EDUCATION
IN GREAT BRITAIN
Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.
There are more than 40 universities in Britain, of which 36 are in England, 8 in Scotland, 2 in Northern Ireland and 1 in Wales. The two oldest universities in England are Oxford and Cambridge. Oxford is the oldest of those two universities. It is more philosophical, classical, and theological.
England had no other universities, apart from Oxford and Cambridge, until the 19-th century. The universities which were founded between 1850 and 1930 are known as redbrick universities (they were called so because that was the favourable building material of the time). They are in London, Durham, Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield, Bristol, Nottingham, etc. The University of London is the largest of them. The division between Oxford and Redbrick is sharp. Redbrick universities were built to provide a liberal education for the poorer boys and to give technological training.
The universities which were founded after the Second World War are called “the new universities”. They are in Staffordshire, Kent, Essex, Lancaster, Sussex, and York. Some of them quickly became popular because of their modern approach to university courses.
All British Universities are private institutions. Every university is independent, autonomous and responsible only to its own governing council. The number and type of faculties differ from university to university. Each university decides each year how many students it supposes to admit. The admission to universities is by examination and selection (interview). The students receive grants. They have to pay fees and living costs but every student may receive from the local authority of the place where he lives a personal grant which is enough to pay lodging and food. Most students take job in the summer for about six weeks, but they do not normally do outside work during the academic session.
Students who pass examinations at the end of three or four years of study get Bachelor’s degree. The first postgraduate degree is normally that of Master conferred for a thesis based on at least one year’s fulltime work. Universities are centers of research and many postgraduates are engaged in research for higher degree, usually Doctorates.
One of the developments in education in Britain is certainly the Open University. It was founded in 1971. Some people don’t have an opportunity to study full-time, and the university allows them to study for degree. The university’s courses are taught through television, radio and course books. Its students work individually and with tutors, to whom they send their papers. The students discuss their work at meetings or through correspondence. The correspondence course, however, is the principal educational technique. Televised lectures and seminars merely supplement it. In summer they attend short courses.
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Higher-educational institutions include not only universities and colleges but also various professional schools that provide preparation in such fields as law, theology, medicine, business, music, and art. Higher education also includes teacher-training schools, junior colleges, and institutes of technology. The basic entrance requirement for most higher-educational institutions is the completion of secondary education, and the usual entrance age is about 18 years.
Exercise 2. True or false?
- All British Universities are private institutions.
- The admission to universities is by examination and selection.
- The number and type of faculties is the same at all British universities.
- Most students never work in summer; they work during the academic year.
- The first postgraduate degree is that of Master.
- Universities are centers of research.
- The Open University’s courses are taught through television, radio and course books.
- Higher-educational institutions include only universities and colleges.
Exercise 3. Form adjectives from the given nouns:
Finance – financial, philosophy -, theology -, technology -, history -, education -, difference -, independence -, autonomy -.
Exercise 4. Form nouns from the given verbs:
Divide – division, educate -, found -, decide -, regulate -, examine -, appoint -, govern -, pay -.
Exercise 5. Transform as in the model:
To educate people – education of people, to found the university -, to regulate the studies -, to examine students -, to appoint the tutors -;
Degree of a bachelor – bachelor’s degree, degree of a master -,life of the students -, parents of students -, the report of the scientist -;
Department of Education – Education Department, centers of research -, colleges of the University -, history of Oxford -, faculty of Law -.
Exercise 6. Match English and Russian equivalents:
- Higher-educational institutions - a. получать стипендию
- To pay fees and living costs - b. местные власти
- Higher education - c. учебный триместр
- Private institutions - d. сдать экзамены
- University curriculum - e. высшее образование
- Academic session - f. научно-исследовательский центр
- Receive grants - g. частные учебные заведения
- Research center - h. высшие учебные заведения
- Local authority - i. платить за обучение и жилье
- To pass exams - j. учебный план
Exercise 7. Choose the right word:
- Oxford is … of all British universities.
a) the youngest b) the oldest c) the poorest
2. All British universities are … institutions.
a) state b) old c) private
3. The … to the Universities is by examinations or selection.
a) admission b) regulation c) innovation
4. Most students take … in the summer for about six weeks.
a) exams b) job c) accommodation
5. The students … grants.
a) spend b) receive c) pay
Exercise 8. Insert the prepositions where it is necessary:
- England had no other universities … the 19-th century.
- The Universities … London is the largest … them.
- The division … Oxford and Redbrick is sharp.
- The universities which were founded … the Second World War are called “the new universities”.
- The number and type … faculties differ … university … university.
- The admission … universities is … examination and selection (interview).
- The Open University’s courses are taught … television, radio and course books.
- Higher education also includes … teacher-training schools, junior colleges, and institutes of technology.
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