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Тема 2. 6. Кровь и её элементы. The Present Simple Tense.
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ТЕМА 2. 6. КРОВЬ И ЕЁ ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ. THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE.
BLOOD AND ITS ELEMENTS
Study the new words.
1. fluid connective tissue – жидкая соединительная ткань
2. cellular elements – клеточные элементы
3. platelets – пластинки
4. nucleus – ядро
5. lobe – доля
6. life span – продолжительность жизни
7. pierce the skin – прокалывать кожу
8. wound – рана
9. engulf the bacteria – поглощать бактерии
10. features – свойства
11. flexibility – гибкость
12. substance – вещество
Read the text. Pay attention to the new words for better understanding.
Blood and its elements
Blood is a fluid connective tissue with many various functions. Many important physiological process take place in the blood. It also determines the activity of separated body cells.
Blood is composed of plasma and the cellular elements. They are red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes) and blood platelets (thrombocytes).
About 65 per cent of all white cells are leukocytes. Their protoplasm contains granules. One characteristic of leukocytes is the lobed appearance of the nucleus. The number of lobes is thought to be an index to the cell’s age. About 45 per cent of all leukocytes have a nucleus of three lobes. The life span of a leucocyte is short, from 4 to 12 days.
The function of leukocytes is to protect against infection. After the skin is pierced and the wound becomes infected, leukocytes from all the body are attracted to this place. Arriving at the wound, they leave the blood stream. They engulf the bacteria within their own protoplasm. This process is called phagocytosis.
Erythrocytes are the most numerous cellular elements. Red corpuscles have two physical features which are very important in the function of respiration. They have great elasticity and flexibility. These features give them the possibility to pass through very small capillaries. The most important part of the red cell is its red substance or hemoglobin.
The average human blood volume is not less than 7. 5% but not more than 10% of the body weight.
White corpuscles; numerous cellular elements; have elasticity and flexibility; have granules in the protoplasm; pass through small capillaries; have a short span of life; have a lobed appearance of the nucleus; take part in the function of respiration; contain red colouring substance ( hemoglobin ); protect against infection; arrive at the wound and engulf the bacteria.
Answer the questions to the text “Blood and its elements”. Translate the answers.
1. What kind of tissue is the blood?
2. What is the blood compose of?
3. What is the charachteristic of leukocytes?
4. What is the function of leukocytes?
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5. What do leukocytes do when a wound becomes infected?
6. What are the most numerous cellular elements?
7. What features do erythrocytes have?
8. What is the important part of erythrocytes?
9. What is the total blood volume divided into?
Translate into English using the text “Blood and its elements”.
1. Кровь – это жидкая соединительная ткань.
2. Кровь состоит из плазмы, красных кровеносных телец, белых кровеносных телец и тромбоцитов.
3. Лейкоциты содержат гранулы.
4. У лейкоцитов есть ядро с тремя долями.
5. Функция лейкоцитов – защищать от инфекции.
6. Эритроциты – это многочисленные клеточные элементы.
7. Их физические свойства – эластичность и гибкость.
8. Эритроциты играют важную роль в функции дыхания.
9. Эритроциты содержат вещество гемоглобин.
Continue the sentences using the text “Blood and its elements”. Translate the sentences.
1. Blood is …
2. Blood is composed of …
3. Thrombocytes are …
4. The protoplasm of leukocytes …
5. Leucocytes have …
6. The function of leukocytes is …
7. Erythrocytes are …
8. Erythrocytes have …
9. The important part of erythrocytes is …
10. Erythrocytes play an important role in …
1. Have you ever got situations which chill your blood?
2. Do you have examples when you can’t blood out of a stone?
Тема 2. 7. The patients need your help. First aid. The Present Continuous Tense.
THE PATIENTS NEED YOU HELP.
The whole life of a nurse is devoted to people. She is responsible for her patient. Every nurse must have enough knowledge of her work. She must help her patients at any hour of the day or night. That's why you should know how to help a person in different situations.
SITUATION 1. If you help a person who lost his consciousness;
1) Lay the person flat on the back.
2) Raise his feet a little.
3) Loose his dress.
4) Cover him warmly and open the window.
5) Sprinkle cold water on his face.
6) Give the person to breathe in ammonia water.
SITUATION 2. If you help a person who is in shock;
1) Lay him flat on his back.
2) Raise his feet a little.
3) Cover him with blankets to keep him warm.
4) Give him a warm drink.
5) Keep him quiet.
SITUATION 3. If you help a person with poisoning;
1) Empty his stomach as soon as possible.
2) Give him much water to dr.
3) Call in a doctor immediately.
SITUATION 4. If you help a person who has a sunstroke;
1) Take the patient into a cool and shady place.
2) Put him on his back.
3) Raise his head and shoulders a little.
4) Put cold cloth on his head.
5) Cool his body with cold water.
6) Rub his skin with a sponge to keep up blood circulation.
F irst aid
Some knowledge of first aid is essential for everyone and should be an essential part of teaching at the medical college. The most important thing in an emergency is not to lose one's head. When you give the first aid you must be very calm. If the injured person has hurt himself with a fall, make him lie down comfortably and see whether there are any cuts or bruises. If movement of arm or leg hurts, there may be fracture, so leave the limb in the position in which it is.
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