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тема 5. 4. Детские болезни. Childhood diseases. Task 1. Learn the following words and word combinations. Task 2. Find the following words and word-combinations in the text, reproduce the context they are used in and translate it into Russian.
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ТЕМА 5. 4. ДЕТСКИЕ БОЛЕЗНИ.
Childhood diseases
From the medical point of view a child is a person who has not reached puberty. And from the legal point of view a child is a person who has not attained majority. In Russia, for example, a child attains majority at eighteen years old.
In the period between the time of birth and adolescence children may experience some diseases. The term “childhood disease” is sometimes subjective, and does not refer to an accepted, categorical list. Nearly all the diseases in this list can also be contracted by adults, and, of course, all children can contract diseases not categorized as " childhood diseases". Classification of all childhood diseases is extensive and includes several groups:
· common infectious diseases (chickenpox, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, rubella, scarlet fever, mumps, etc. );
· upper respiratory tract infections (adenoviral infection, influenza, herpes simplex, etc. );
· intestinal infections (dysentery, rotavirus infection, polio, typhoid, etc. );
· diseases caused by parasites.
Some of childhood diseases are vaccine-preventable. Childhood vaccination schedule contains information about vaccine-preventable diseases. In Russia such schedule is officially named as National Vaccination Calendar and issued by the Ministry of Health. This calendar lists diseases and recommended ages they should be done at. Against some diseases a child must be vaccinated two or three times at the definite age. According to this schedule, children in RF should be vaccinated against: Haemophilusinfluenzae type B, tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus (lockjaw), poliomyelitis (polio), measles, rubella (German measles), mumps and acute viral hepatitis B.
Any person must be prepared to recognize if a child is ill and care of him. This is just aneveryday part of providing quality child care. Symptoms of illness canappear very rapidly. Care of an ill child who begins with making the child comfortable. Every child care facility needs a quiet place where an ill child can have a rest and can be closely supervised by an adult. Notify the parent or alternate as soon as you have determined that their child is ill. The parent can then begin to make alternate work arrangementsor call for a doctor’s appointment as soon as she/he learns of the illness. Ifa child is seriously ill, ask the parent or alternate to come immediately. It is important to be knowledgeable in first aid and CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation) inthe event of a true emergency.
WHO and UNICEF have drawn up a list of essential drugs to treat the most common childhood diseases. They include: oral antibiotics, an antimalarial drug, oral rehydration salts, vitamin A, treatment for intestinal worms, and treatments for eye and skin infections and mouth ulcers. Meanwhile improved training of health workers would help ensure rapid diagnosis of life-threatening diseases - especially where children are suffering from more than one condition.
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Task 1. Learn the following words and word combinations.
| puberty | ['pju: bə tɪ ] | половая зрелость |
| adolescence | [æ d(ə )'les(ə )ns] | период полового созревания |
| toattainmajority | [ə 'teɪ n][mə 'ʤ ɔ rə tɪ ] | достигнуть совершеннолетия |
| chickenpox | ['ʧ ɪ kɪ npɔ ks] | ветряная оспа |
| whooping cough (pertussis) | [wu: pɪ ŋ ][kɔ f][pə 'tʌ sɪ s] | коклюш |
| measles | ['mi: zlz] | корь |
| rubella | [ru: 'belə ] | краснуха |
| mumps | [mʌ mps] | эпидемический паротит, свинка |
| herpessimplex | ['hɜ ː pi: z]['simpleks] | простой герпес |
| to vaccinate against a disease | ['væ ksɪ neɪ t][ə 'genst][dɪ 'zi: z] | делать прививку против какой-либо болезни |
| care | [kɛ ə ] | уход, медицинское наблюдение |
| firstaid | [fɜ ː st][eɪ d] | первая медицинская помощь |
| emergency | [ɪ 'mɜ ː ʤ (ə )nsɪ ] | экстренный случай, критическое положение |
| CPR – cardiopulmonaryresuscitation | ['kɑ ː dɪ ə u'pʌ lmə n(ə )rɪ ] [risʌ sə teɪ ə n] | реанимация, включающая искусственное дыхание и непрямой массаж сердца |
| WHO – WorldHealthOrganization | [wɜ ː ld][helθ ] [ɔ ː g(ə )naɪ 'zeɪ ʃ (ə )n] | Всемирная Организация Здравоохранения (ВОЗ) |
| UNICEF - The United Nations Children's Fund | [ju: 'naɪ tɪ d] ['neɪ ʃ (ə )nz] ['ʧ ɪ ldr(ə )nz][fʌ nd] | Фонд ООН помощи детям (ЮНИСЕФ) |
| tetanus (lockjaw) | ['tet(ə )nə s]['lɔ kʤ ɔ ː ] | столбняк (тризм, спазм жевательных мышц) |
| to suffer | ['sʌ fə ] | страдать, испытывать |
Task 2. Find the following words and word-combinations in the text, reproduce the context they are used in and translate it into Russian.
1. childhood disease
2. can also be contracted by adults
3. vaccine-preventable diseases
4. National Vaccination Calendar
5. should be vaccinated against
6. child carefacility
7. to make a call for a doctor’s appointment
8. the parent or alternate
9. to be knowledgeable in first aid
10. a list of essential drugs
11. ensure rapid diagnosis
12. life-threatening diseases
Task 3. Answer the questions.
1. How is a child defined from the medical point of view?
2. What types of childhood diseases can you name?
3. Can adults be also contracted by the childhood diseases?
4. How is the childhood vaccination schedule officially named in Russia?
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5. What does this schedule list?
6. What diseases must children be vaccinated against in Russia?
7. How can the symptoms of illnesses appear in children?
8. Who should be notified first when a child is ill?
9. What organizations have drawn up a list of essential drugs?
10. Whose training would help ensure rapid diagnosis?
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