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Задание №3. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в the Future Perfect Tense.
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Задание №3. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в the Future Perfect Tense.
1. Mike … (to prepare) all the calculations by the end of his working day tomorrow.
2. I… (to learn) some phrases in Japanese by the time the participants of the Japanese delegation arrive.
3. The chef … (to cook) all the dishes by the time the banquet begins.
4. The secretary … (to arrange) all the papers by the time the boss comes to the office tomorrow.
5. The ferry … (to reach) the port by 4 o’clock tomorrow.
6. They … (to deliver) our pizza by the beginning of the party tomorrow.
7. Jack and Monica … (to send) all the invitations by next Tuesday.
8. I … (to read) your report by tomorrow morning.
9. The workers … (to unload) the lorries by the end of their working day.
10. We … (to analyse) the results of the experiment by next Friday.
Тема 5. 2. ПНЕВМОНИЯ. THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE.
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lung. It may be caused by bacteria or viruses. It may follow a cold and bronchitis, or mav come on suddenly. It may also be a complication of measles or whooping cough. The child looks ill, has fever, cough, and very rapid breathing. He may also complain of pain in the chest. A doctor should be consulted, and depending on the severity the child may be treated at home or admitted to a hospital. If his breathing is very rapid, he may need oxygen. Most pneumonias can be treated with antibiotics. Pneumonia can be dangerous in a malnourished child, or in very young children, especially if it is due to an organism called staphylococcus. Viral pneumonia cures gradually. She child should be kept in bed, given plenty of water and a highly nourishing diet.
Задание №4. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What are the symptoms of pneumonia in children?
2. What is the treatment for pneumonia?
3. Who is pneumonia dangerous for?
Задание №5. Скажите по-английски:
· Острое воспаление
· Возникает неожиданно
· Ребенок выглядит больным
· Учащенное дыхание
· Боль в груди
· Может быть опасным
· Плохо питающийся ребенок
Задание №6. Установите соответствие между английскими и русскими словами:
1. whooping cough- a. бронхит
2. bronchitis- б. коклюш
3. measles- в. корь.
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Задание №7. Сделайте предложения отрицательными и вопросительными:
1. We will have played two games of cricket by 6 o’clock tomorrow.
2. They will have left the country by next Monday.
3. She will have returned from the walk by 8 o’clock tomorrow.
4. We will have done the shopping by 5 o’clock tomorrow.
5. Martin will have passed all the exams by next Wednesday.
6. You will have known the results of the test by tomorrow evening.
7. Angela will have written the essay by Tuesday.
8. The workers will have finished decorating our house by next month.
9. The performance will have finished by 8 o’clock.
10. The weather will have changed by tomorrow eveni
Тема 5. 3. ТУБЕРКУЛЁЗ. THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE.
| tuberculosis 1. | 2. | cough |
| pulmonary tuberculosis | coughing up | |
| extrapulmonary tuberculosis | coughing up phlegm | |
| renal tuberculosis | coughing up blood | |
| spinal tuberculosis |
3. | sputum |
sputum culture sputum sample
to produce the sputum
Ø READING and SPEAKING
Task 2. Warm-up discussion.
What have you heard about tuberculosis infection? Do we still have a problem with tuberculosis incidence in Russia? How can we prevent the disease and its transmission
Read the text and answer the questions.
One of the social diseases nowadays in Russia is tuberculosis. Incidence of tuberculosis is higher in areas with large population. Men are affected more often than women. The greatest number of cases occurs in little children. Socially and economically disadvantaged, alcoholics, malnourished individuals are affected more often.
Scrofula is an old-fashioned name for tuberculosis (TB). It is a bacterial infectious disease. The disease affects the lymph nodes, especially those in the neck. Symptoms include swelling of the glands and the development of abscesses. Tuberculosis may also affect other organs but the most common form is pulmonary tuberculosis, which attacks the lungs.
The causative bacterium is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is a droplet infection which usually passes from person to person. It is spread via airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Once inhaled, the organisms implant themselves in the lungs and begin to divide. Overcrowded living conditions provide long-term environment for the infection to spread.
There is another way of transmission. A strain of tuberculosis affecting cattle can transfer to their milk and infect people drinking it. In Britain pasteurization of milk kills the bacterium but worldwide unpasteurized milk is a common source of infection.
Pulmonary tuberculosis occurs in two phases. In the primary phase the infection occurs in different parts of the body. The victim may develop a dry cough that lasts for 3 to 4 months. The secondary phase occurs with increasing age and/or worsening of patient’s health. At this stage the causative bacterium is activated and attacks the lungs. Violent, frequent coughing brings up phlegm which may be tinged with blood. Other clinical manifestations include anorexia, weight loss, low-grade fever, chills and night sweats.
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To diagnose the disease a chest X-ray is made, sputum cultures are obtained. A sputum culture identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis confirms the diagnosis. After the medications are started, sputum samples are obtained again to determine the effectiveness of the therapy.
Mantoux test is the most reliable determinant of tuberculosis infection. A positive reaction doesn’t mean that active disease is present but indicates exposure to tuberculosis or the presence of inactive disease. Once the test result is positive, it will be positive in any future tests. When Mantoux test is positive, a chest X-ray is necessary to rule out active tuberculosis or to detect old healed lesions.
The reduction in overcrowding at home, improvement in hygiene and diet, the development of antibiotics and an effective safe vaccine have reduced mortality dramatically. However, each year new cases are reported especially in poor developing countries, as well as in Russia.
The goal of treatment is to prevent transmission, control symptoms, and prevent progression of the disease.
1. What are the risk factors for tuberculosis?
2. What are the main ways of transmission of tuberculosis?
3. What organs are mostly affected in tuberculosis?
4. What is the causative agent called?
5. How can we prevent transferring of the infection through milk?
6. What are the phases of the disease?
7. How can you make a diagnosis of tuberculosis?
8. What does positive Mantoux test mean?
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