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1. a) Cover the right column and read the English words. Translate them into Russian and check your translation.
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1. a) Cover the right column and read the English words. Translate them into Russian and check your translation.
b) Cover the left column and translate the Russian words back into English.
| concrete | [ˈ kɔ ː ŋ kriː t] | бетон |
| environment | [ɪ nˈ vaɪ ə rə nmə nt] | окружающая среда |
| fission | [ˈ fɪ ʃ ə n] | расщепление |
| (stainless) steel | (нержавеющая) сталь | |
| vessel | сосуд | |
| waste | отходы | |
| to confine | [kə nˈ faɪ n] | заключать |
| to release | [rɪ ˈ liː z] | выпускать, освобождать |
| to withstand | противостоять | |
| to dispose | устранять, убирать |
2. Put down the Russian equivalents of these word combinations. Then translate them back into English (orally):
| nuclear fuel | ______________________________________ |
| nuclear fission | ______________________________________ |
| steel vessel | ______________________________________ |
| reactor vessel | ______________________________________ |
| fission release | ______________________________________ |
| sealed tubes | ______________________________________ |
| concrete housing | ______________________________________ |
| waste products | ______________________________________ |
| nuclear waste | ______________________________________ |
| shielded cylinders | ______________________________________ |
Protection Against Environmental Pollution
Any operating nuclear power plant releases fission products into the environment, which causes environmental pollution.
To prevent the harmful effects of nuclear power release, the nuclear power plants are supplied with protective installations that serve as barriers to the pollution.
First, the nuclear fuel and the fission products are confined within sealed tubes made of stainless steel or zirconium. Then the assembly of tubes is placed in a steel reactor vessel. And finally the steel reactor vessel is placed in a large steel and concrete housing.
As to the hot radioactive waste products they are disposed in heavily shielded cylinders. The cylinders are buried 305 to 610 metres underground.
3. Complete the sentences using the correct variant:
| 1. A nuclear power plant releases | a) liquid products. b) fission products. |
| 2. Operating nuclear power plants | a) pollute the environment. b) prevent the pollution. |
| 3. The protective power plant installations | a) produce the release of fission products. b) prevent the release of fission products. |
| 4. The sealed tubes are made of | a) bronze. b) stainless steel. |
| 5. The fission products are confined | a) within sealed tubes. b) within open tubes. |
| 6. The steel reactor vessel is placed | a) in a concrete housing. b) in a zirconium housing. |
| 7. The waste products are disposed | a) in an open vessel. b) in shielded cylinders. |
4. Pair work. Put these questions to your groupmate and let him/her answer them:
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1. What kind of products does the operating nuclear power plant release?
2. What installations are used to prevent the harmful effects of a nuclear power plant operation?
3. What material are the tubes made of?
4. Where are the fission products confined?
5. In what part of the installation is the reactor vessel placed?
6. In what way are the hot radioactive waste products disposed?
2. Grammar Revision
Повторение грамматики
Word Formation
Словообразование
Чтобы различать части речи, надо знать суффиксы, с помощью которых они образуются.
Suffixes of Nouns
Суффиксы существительных
Who? What?
| Суффиксы | Примеры | Перевод |
| -acy | supremacy | главенство |
| -age | advantage; damage | преимущество; повреждение |
| -ance/-ence | resistance; existence | сопротивление; существование |
| -ancy/-ency | discrepancy; efficiency | разногласие; эффективность |
| -ation | foundation | основание |
| -dom | freedom | свобода |
| -er/-or | consumer; conductor | потребитель; проводник |
| -ics | electronics | электроника |
| -ion/-tion | installation; direction | установка; направление |
| -ment | equipment; requirement | оборудование; требование |
| -ness | readiness; usefulness | готовность; полезность (польза) |
| -ship | leadership | руководство |
| -th | length | длина |
| -tude | magnitude | величина |
| -ty/-ity | capacity; conductivity | емкость; проводимость |
| -ure | measure; nature | мера; природа |
| -ist | scientist | ученый |
1. Underline the stems in the following words:
leader, ability, contribution, carrier, compactness, development, altitude, width, mechanics, pessimist, relation, friendship, storage, boredom, quantity
Suffixes of Verbs
Суффиксы глаголов
What to do?
| Суффиксы | Примеры | Перевод |
| -ate | to generate | генерировать |
| -ute | to contribute | содействовать |
| -en | to shorten | укорачивать |
| -ize | to magnetize | намагничивать |
| -ify | to simplify | упрощать |
2. Which of the given words are nouns, verbs? Why?
practice, wide, wilderness, practise, electrifier, compute, amplitude, electrify, pretence, organize
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Suffixes of Adverbs
Суффиксы наречий
How?
| Суффиксы | Примеры | Перевод |
| -ly | mainly | главным образом |
| -ward(s) | afterward(s) | впоследствии, потом |
| -wise | clockwise | по часовой стрелке |
Suffixes of Adjectives
Суффиксы прилагательных
What kind of?
| Суффиксы | Примеры | Перевод |
| -able/-ible | considerable, | значительный, возможный |
| -al | possible fundamental | основной |
| -(an)eous | simultaneous; advantageous | одновременный; благоприятный |
| -ous | various; dangerous | различный; опасный |
| -ant/-ent | important, efficient | важный, действенный |
| -ate | aggregate | общий, совокупный |
| -que | unique | уникальный |
| -ic/-ical | basic | основной |
| -ior | superior | высший, лучший |
| -ive | positive | положительный |
| -ful | useful | полезный |
| -less | useless | бесполезный |
| -like | humanlike | человечный |
| -ory | compulsory | обязательный |
| -y | noisy | шумный |
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