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Consider peculiarities of the analysis of theoretical and experimental studies. Рассмотрите особенности проведения анализа теоретико-экспериментальных исследований.
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The basis for the joint analysis of theoretical and experimental research is to compare the extended working hypothesis with experimental observations.
Theoretical and experimental data are compared by comparing the corresponding graphs. Matching criteria may be minimum, average and maximum deviation of the experimental results from the data set on the basis of the calculation of the theoretical curves. It is also possible the calculation of the standard deviation and variance. However, the most reliable criteria of adequacy must be considered (compliance) of the theoretical dependence of the experimental.
As a result of theoretical and experimental analysis of three cases can arise:
1) established a complete or good enough concurrence working hypothesis, theoretical assumptions with experimental results. In this group the resulting material further research so that it implies the main provisions of the previously developed a working hypothesis, whereby the latter is converted into proven theoretical position, in theory;
2) the experimental data only partially confirm the position of the working hypothesis and in some parts contradict it. In this case, change the working hypothesis and processed so that it more fully consistent with the experimental results. more often
all produce additional corrective experiments to confirm the change of the working hypothesis, then it also turns into a theory;
3) The working hypothesis is not confirmed by experiment. Then her critically analyze and fully revised. Then carried out new experimental studies with the new working hypothesis. Negative results of scientific work, as a rule, are not junk, they often help to develop correct ideas about objects, phenomena and processes.
After an analysis make the final decision, which is formulated as a conclusion, conclusions or suggestions. This part of the work requires a high skill
Consider the features of conclusions stating based on the results of research work.
Рассмотрите особенности формулирования выводов по результатам научно- исследовательской работы.
The planning of scientific research
1) the formulation of the problem or the theme of the scientific research,
2) the definition of the object and the subject of the study,
3) the definition of aims and tasks of the researches,
4) the interpretation of the basic concepts,
5) the formulation of the working hypotheses.
The object of study is social phenomenon or process, which consists a contradiction and creates problem situation. The object of study answers the question: what is considered?
The subject of the study is the most significant a property, a party, a feature of the object that should be studied.
Criteria for evaluating the reliability of the results of the validation results of research. criteria theoretical study. Result of a theoretical study - theory, concept, or any theoretical constructs - design must meet the following criteria for all branches of scientific knowledge: 1. objectivity; 2. fullness 3. consistency 4. interpretability 5. verifiability 6. reliability.
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Structural components of the research work
Work structure should be as follows: title page; content; introduction; head of the main body; conclusions; list of references; App.
The title page is the first page of research and filled according to certain rules. In the upper field, the full name of the institution on the basis of which the investigation is carried out. The middle field is given the title of the work, which is made without the word "theme" and is not in quotation marks. After the title indicate the type of scientific - research work. Below, closer to the right edge of the cover sheet, the surname, first name artist and then fixed surname, name, patronymic of the head, his academic title (if available) and position. In the bottom field specifies the location of the institution and year of writing work.
Content is placed on the second page. It provides the names of chapters and sections on the pages indicated, from which they start.
Chapters and paragraphs are numbered in a multilevel system, that is denoted by digital numbers containing all stages of their number and column headings which they are subject. The introduction and conclusion are not numbered.
In the introduction, the problem is fixed, the relevance, the practical significance of the study, defined the object and subject of research; specify the purpose and objectives of the study; briefly lists the methods of work. All of the above components of administration should be interconnected with each other.
An important point in this paper is the formulation of a hypothesis that should be scientifically sound logical, it is probable assumption requiring special proof for its final approval as a theoretical position. Scientific hypothesis is considered consistent if it meets the following requirements:
does not include too many positions;
contains no unambiguous terms;
goes beyond the simple registration of facts is their
explanation and prediction, arguing specifically new thought, idea;
testable and is applicable to a wide range of phenomena;
does not include value judgments;
has the right stylistic design.
By methodical recommendations on the implementation of written works (projects) must meet the following mandatory requirements:
1) They should be available to students (replicated, located in the department and in the library);
2) they must be specified:
- Goals and objectives of the work (project);
- Contents of the sections, their number;
- Formulas and calculation tables;
- Criteria for assessing the current performance of work (project) and protection, related to the specific profession or discipline;
Consider the concepts of information and scientific information. Рассмотрите понятия информация и научная информация.
Information (shortened as info or info.) is that which informs, i.e. that from which data can be derived. At its most fundamental, information is any propagation of cause and effect within a system. Information is conveyed either as the content of a message or through direct or indirect observation of some thing.
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Scientific information - is a logical information obtained in the process of learning, adequately reflects the laws of the objective world and is used in the socio- historical practice. The main features of scientific information:
- It is acquired in the process of knowledge of the laws of objective reality, the basis of which is the practice, and served in an appropriate form;
- A documented or publicly disclosed information about domestic and foreign achievements in science, technology, production, obtained during the research, development, production and social activities.
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