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VII Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3, 4, 5-й абзацы.
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Economy of Great Britain
1 During the 18th-19th centuries Britain was aggressively expanding its Empire being a powerful and rich country because of its colonial territories and industry. Cheap raw materials, produced by badly paid or unpaid workers, were imported from colonies. The technological changes of the Industrial Revolution allowed Britain to manufacture products cheaply for export. The country entered the period of active capitalist progress and at the end of the 19th century economic life was dominated by monopolies.
2 Now the UK is a modern and prosperous European nation. It has large coal, natural gas and oil reserves; energy production accounts for 10% of gross domestic product.1 Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with only 1% of the labour force. Britain’s branches of industry produce machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, aircraft, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, textiles, clothing, and other consumer goods.2
3 Britain had many manufacturing industries, but since the Second World War its service industries, especially banking and retailing, have expanded. The number of people working in service industries has grown in comparison with people working in manufacturing industries.
4 Heavy industries, including steel manufacture and shipbuilding, have been replaced by high-technology manufacturing industries. The large companies often invest a lot of money in research and development (R&D) to find new and better, usually high-technology, products. BP3 now is the second-largest company in Europe. It is involved in oil and gas exploration, oil refining and the manufacture of petrochemical products. The government has invested a lot of money in Scotland to develop it as an important European centre for computer production. Many of large American and Japanese electronics companies have set up factories there. Now many smaller Scottish companies specialize in computer equipment.
5 In general the economy of the UK is one of the strongest in Europe: inflation, interest rates4, and unemployment remain low. It is a leading trading power and financial centre of Western Europe. Its closest trade partners are European countries – members of the EU5.
Пояснения к тексту:
1 Gross domestic product (GDP) – валовой внутренний продукт (ВВП)
2 consumer goods – потребительские товары
3 BP (British Petroleum) – Британская нефтедобывающая компания
4 interest rate – процентная ставка
5 EU (the European Union) – ЕС (Европейский Союз)
VIII. Прочтите 2-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. Why do large companies often invest money in research and development?
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2. Can we say that British government does nothing to develop the economy of Scotland?
Вариант №5
I Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s(-es) и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
В) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения).
Переведите предложения на русский язык
1. The people in Scotland, Wales and Ireland keep their historical traditions and their languages.
2. Democratic principles guarantee freedom and independence to its press.
3. She agreed to give me her friend’s telephone number.
4. The building houses both physical and chemical laboratories.
II Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).
1. Many people like to watch nine o’clock news.
2. The travel agents offer cut-price flights to New Deli.
3. British products enjoy a good reputation on the world market.
4. Among the Oxford University graduates there were many famous personalities.
III Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения и переведите их на русский язык.
1. The most important of all British symbols is the National flag.
2. Automobiles are the biggest source of pollution in big cities.
3. The nearer is the summer, the longer are the days.
4. The Lake District is the most beautiful corner of England.
IV Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложение на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций (см. образец выполнения 3).
a) 1. How long did it take you to translate the text?
2. The University team hasn’t won a single game.
3. Most British students choose to go to university a long way from their native town.
4. Students who are studying for degrees go to large formal lectures.
b) 1. The principal street in English towns is usually lined with shops.
2. From Norman times British monarchs have been crowned and later have been buried in Westminster Abbey.
3. All major car plants in Britain are owned by foreign companies.
4. Business letters from London were being received by the top manager all the time last week.
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V Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложение на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций (см. образец выполнения 3).
1. The plane is to land in half an hour.
2. We can read information from a book, a computer cannot.
3. British students do not have to pay to go to university, but do need money to live away from home.
4. You should be very attentive while crossing the street.
VI Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Looking nervously around, the man picked up the wallet lying on the ground.
2. Many young people don’t like smoking girls.
3. From England the hoop (обруч для нижней юбки) came to France brought there by visiting English women.
4. When asked, she couldn’t say a word.
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