 |
3. A business game. Tasks for supplimentary work
|
|
|
|
3. A business game
I decided to move to the country and to be in the agriculture. I bought my farm. My project is successful. Why…..
TASKS FOR SUPPLIMENTARY WORK
Text 1
1. Read and translate the text:
Everything that affects an organism during its lifetime is collectively known as its environment. Environment is a very broad concept. For example, an animal like a raccoon is likely to interact with millions of other organisms (bacteria, food organisms, parasites, mates, predators), drink a large number of liters of water, breathe huge quantities of air, and respond to daily changes in temperature and humidity during its lifetime. This list only begins to describe the various components that make up the environment of the organism. Because of this complexity, it is useful to subdivide the concept of environment into abiotic (nonliving) and biotic (living) factors.
Abiotic factors include the flow of energy necessary to maintain any organism, the physical factors that affect an organism and the supply of molecules required for an organism’s life functions.
The ultimate source of energy for almost all organisms is the sun. Animals obtain their energy by eating plants or other animals that eat plants. Ultimately, the amount of living material that can exist in an area is determined by the plants and the amount of energy they can trap.
Other physical factors include such things as climate, age, temperature and daily variations; the type (rain, snow, hail), amount, and seasonal distribution of precipitation; type of soil present and even the three-dimensional shape of the space the organism inhabits.
All forms of life require atoms such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, and molecules such as water to construct and maintain them. Organisms constantly obtain these materials from their environment by eating food or carrying on photosynthesis, use them for a period of time as part of their body structure, and return them to their surroundings through respiration, excretion, or death and decay.
The biotic factors influencing an organism include all forms of life in its environment. Plants that carry on photosynthesis; animals that eat other organisms; bacteria and fungi that cause decay; and bacteria, viruses, and other parasitic organisms that cause disease are all part of an organism’s biotic environment. The kinds of organisms and the number of each kind are also important in characterizing the environment.
2. Find the English equivalents in the text: окружающая среда, хищники, поток энергии, получать энергию, распределение осадков, формы жизни, структура тела, дыхание, выделение, бактерии и грибы, вызывать болезнь, виды организмов.
Text 2
1. Read and translate the text:
More than 45, 000 veterinarians currently practice medicine in the United States, primarily in private hospitals and clinics. Of these, about 60 percent treat small animals such as cats and dogs exclusively; about 10 percent treat large animals such as cattle and other livestock; and some 5 percent specialize in horses. The remainder treats both large and small animals. About 9, 000 veterinarians in the United States work in corporations or public institutions, such as pharmaceutical companies, colleges or universities, or in local, state, or federal government agencies such as the United States Army Veterinary Corps. Typical small-animal veterinarians are family advisors as well as animal health care providers. They may help clients select an appropriate species or breed of pet and then guide them in the proper nutrition, grooming, training, and general husbandry of their new pet. A large portion of this practice involves preventive care, such as vaccinating, screening, and treating animals for internal and external parasites, as well as performing operations that prevent pets from bearing unwanted offspring. Small-animal veterinarians also treat their patients’ illnesses and injuries, address the owners’ concerns, and provide references to specialists when necessary. Another important responsibility of veterinarians is to provide humane euthanasia (the act of ending a patient’s life).
|
|
|
Large-animal veterinarians work primarily with livestock. They perform vaccinations, parasite control, and neutering, but there are several important differences. Large-animal veterinarians often treat groups of animals rather than individuals. They insure that infectious diseases do not spread from farm to farm. Most patients of large-animal veterinarians are viewed from the standpoint of their economic potential.
They may perform artificial insemination on a herd of cows, treat a horse with colic (severe abdominal pain), or assist a sow in delivering its piglets. Large-animal medicine and surgery are often practiced in stables, barns, and open fields rather than in animal hospitals. Veterinarians must, therefore, carry medicine and instruments with them wherever they go to face almost any challenge.
2. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
1. Typical small-animal veterinarians are family advisors.
2. A large portion of veterinarians’ practice involves preventive care.
3. Small-animal veterinarians treat groups of animals.
4. Large-animal veterinarians work primarily with pets.
5. Large-animal medicine and surgery are never practiced in stables, barns and open fields.
3. Find the English equivalents of the following words and phrases in the text: выбрать породу, правильное питание, вакцинация, лечение, внешние паразиты, потомство, правила, искусственное осеменение, инфекционная болезнь.
|
|
|
