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214 Horace Kallen, quoted in Arthur Mann, The One and the Many: Reflections on the American Identity(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979), p. 143–144; Michael Walzer, What It Means To Be An American(New York: Marsilio, 1992), p. 62.
215 Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Disuniting of America (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1992), p. 43; Nathan Glazer, We Are All Multiculturalists Now (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997).
216 Gunnar Myrdal, An American Dilemma: The Negro Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy(New York: Harper, 1944), p. 4.
217 Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Lecture on the Times”, in Emerson, Prose Works (Boston: Fields, Osgood, 1870), vol. 1, p. 149.
218 Andrew Kull, The Color-Blind Constitution (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992), p. 1–2, 146–148; U. S. Commission on Civil Rights, Equal Protection of the Laws in Higher Education, 1960 (Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1960), p. 148.
219 Senator Hubert Humphrey, 110 Congressional Record, 1964, p. 6548–49, quoted in Edward J. Erler, “The Future of Civil Rights: Affirmative Action Redivivus”, Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics, and Public Policy, 11 (1997), p. 26.
220 Kull, Color-Blind Constitution, p. 202; Hugh Davis Graham, The Civil Rights Erea: Origins and Development of National Policy, 1960–1972 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), p. 150; Herman Belz, Equality Transformed: A Quarter Century of Affirmative Action (New Brunswick: Translation, 1991), p. 25; Nathan Glazer, Ethnic Dilemmas, 1964–1982 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983), p. 162.
221 Bayard Rustin, “From Protest to Politics: The Future of the Civil Rights Movement”, Commentary, 39 (Feb. 1965), p. 27; Glazer, Ethnic Dilemmas, p. 161–162.
222 Graham, Civil Rights Era, p. 250; Glazer, Ethnic Dilemmas, p. 262; Kull, Color-Blind Constitution, p. 200–203, quoting Labor Department regulations.
223 Kull, Color-Blind Constitution, p. 204–205; Belz, Equality Transformed, p. 51, 55
224 Kull, Color-Blind Constitution, p. 214–16.
225 Jack Citrin, “Affirmative Action in the People’s Court”, The Public Interest, 122 (Winter 1996), p. 46; Seymour Martin Lipset, “Affirmative Action and the American Creed”, Wilson Quarterly, 16 (Winter 1992), p. 59.
226 Richard Kahlenberg, “Bob Dole’s Colorblind Injustice”, Washington Post National Weekly Edition, 10–16 June 1996, p. 24; Stephan Thernstrom and Abigail Thernstrom, America in Black and White: One Nation, Indivisible (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997), p. 452; New York Times, 1 June 2001, p. A17.
227 Lieberman quoted in New York Times, 10 March 1995, p. A16; John Fonte, “Why There Is A Culture War: Gramsci and Tocqueville in America”, Policy Review, 104 (December 2000 and January 2001), p. 21.
228 Connerly quoted in Fonte, “Why There Is A Culture War”, p. 21; Ward Connerly, Creating Equal: My Fight Against Race Preferences (San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2000), p. 228.
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229 Seymour Martin Lipset, “Equal Chances versus Equal Results”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 523 (September 1992), p. 66–67.
230 Lipset, “Affirmative Action and the American Creed”, p. 58; Washington Post, 11 October 1995, p. A11; Citrin, “Affirmative Action in the People’s Court”, p. 43; William Raspberry, “What Actions are Affirmative? ” Washington Post National Weekly Edition, 28 August-3 September, 1995, p. 28; Citrin, “Affirmative Action in the People’s Court”, p. 41.
231 Citrin, “Affirmative Action in the People’s Court”, p. 43.
232 Ibid.; Boston Globe, 30 April 1997, p. A19.
233 Thernstrom and Thernstrom, America in Black and White, p. 437; City of Richmond v. J. A. Croson Company, 488 U. S. 469 (1989).
234 Thernstrom and Thernstrom, America in Black and White, p. 456–459.
235 Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard University, “Race and Ethnicity in 2001: Attitudes, Perceptions, and Experiences”, (August 2001); Princeton Survey Research Associates poll, January 2003; Jennifer Barrett, “Newsweek Poll: Bush Loses Ground”, Newsweek, 14 February 2003, online; Jonathan Chait, “Pol Tested”, New Republic, 3 February 2003, p. 14.
236 Belz, Equality Transformed, p. 66–67; Daniel Bell, The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting (New York: Basic Books, 1973), p. 417; Thernstrom and Thernstrom, America in Black and White, p. 492.
237 Martinez in Miami Herald, 12 October 1988, cited in Raymond Tatalovich, Nativism Reborn?: The Official English Language Movement and the American States (Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1995), p. 99.
238 Tatalovich, Nativism Reborn? , p. 1–2.
239 Unamuno quoted in Carlos Alberto Montaner, “Talk English – You Are in the United States”, in James Crawford, ed., Language Loyalties (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), p. 164; Karl W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1966).
240 Immigration and Nationality Act, Title III, Chapter 2, Section 312, (8 U. S. C. 1423).
241 42 U. S. C. 1973b (f), Pub. L. 94–73, 89 Stat. 400; Tatalovich, Nativism Reborn? , p. 105; James Crawford, Hold Your Tongue: Bilingualism and the Politics of “English Only” (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1992), p. 272, n. 13; Washington Post, 14 November 2002, p. T3; Chicago Sun-Times, 2 May 1996, p. 29, 5 August 2002, p. 1.
242 Asian American Business Group v. City of Pomona in Crawford, Language Loyalties, p. 284–287; Wall Street Journal, 21 August 1995, p. A8; Alexander v. Sandoval, 532 U. S. 275 (2001), New York Times, 25 April 2001, p. A14.
243 Ruiz, et al. v. Hull, et al. , 191 Ariz. 441, 957 P. 2d 984 (1998); cert. denied, 11 January 1999.
244 Edward M. Chen, “Language Rights in the Private Sector” in Crawford, ed., Language Loyalties, p. 276–77.
245 James Crawford, Bilingual Education: History, Politics, Theory, and Practice (Trenton: Crane, 1989), p. 33; J. Stanley Pottinger, Office for Civil Rights, memorandum, 25 May 1970; Serna v. Portales Municipal Schools, 351 F. supp. 1279 (1972); Lau v. Nichols, 414 U. S. 563 (1974).
246 Crawford, Bilingual Education, p. 39; William J. Bennett, “The Bilingual Education Act: A Failed Path”, in Crawford, ed., Language Loyalties, p. 361.
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247 Time, 8 July 1985, p. 80–81.
248 Scheuer quoted in Bennett, “The Bilingual Education Act: A Failed Path” in James Crawford, ed., Language Loyalties, p. 361.
249 Badillo quoted in New York Post, 17 October 2000, p. 16.
250 Carol Schmid, “The English Only Movement: Social Bases of Support and Opposition among Anglos and Latinos”, in Crawford, ed., Language Loyalties, p. 202.
251 Jack Citrin, Donald Philip Green, Beth Reingold, Evelyn Walters, “The ‘Official English’ Movement”, and the Symbolic Politics of Language in the United States”, Western Political Quarterly, 43 (September 1990), p. 540–41; Camilo Perez-Bustillo, “What Happens When English Only Comes To Town?: A Study of Lowell “Massachussetts”, in Crawford, ed., Language Loyalties, p. 191–201.
252 Citrin et. al., “The ‘Official English’ Movement”, p. 548–52; Zogby International poll, 15–17 November and 10–13 December 1998.
253 Tatalovich, Nativism Reborn? , p. 85–88.
254 Ibid. , p. 114–122.
255 Ibid. , p. 136–148, 150–160.
256 Geoffrey Nunberg, “Linguists and the Official Language Movement”, Language, 65 (September 1989), p. 581.
257 Boston Globe, 6 November 2002, p. A1.
258 Rocky Mountain News, 6 November 2002, p. 29A; Boston Globe, 10 November 2002, p. 10.
259 Schmid, “The English Only Movement”, in James Crawford, ed., Language Loyalties, p. 203–5; Max J. Castro, “On the Curious Question of Language in Miami” in Ibid., p. 179; Peter Skerry, Mexican Americans: The Ambivalent Minority (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993), p. 285; Jack Citrin, “Language Politics and American Identity”, The Public Interest, 99 (Spring 1990), p. 104.
260 Steve Farkas, ed., A Lot to be Thankful For, (New York: Public Agenda, 1998).
261 Boston Globe, 31 August 1997, p. A12; New York Times, 15 August 1997, p. A39; New York Times, 5 June 1998, p. A12; Glenn Garvin, “Loco, Completamente Loco: The Many Failures of ‘Bilingual Education, ’” Reason, 29 (January 1998), p. 20.
262 James Counts Early, “Affirmations of a Multiculturalist”, in Robert Royal, ed., Reinventing the American People: Unity and Diversity Today (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1995), p. 58; Clifford Orwin, “All Quiet on the (post)Western Front”, The Public Interest, 123 (Spring 1996), p. 10.
263 Pamela L. Tiedt and Iris M. Tiedt, Multicultural Teaching: A Handbook of Activities, Information, and Resources (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 3rd ed., 1990), p. 7.
264 Mikulski quoted in Mann, The One and the Many, p. 29; Nathan Glazer and Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Beyond the Melting Pot (Cambridge, MA: M. I. T. Press, 1963), p. 16–17, 290.
265 Mann, The One and the Many, p. 37, 38–39.
266 Stephen Steinberg, The Ethnic Myth: Race, Ethnicity, and Class in America (New York: Atheneum, 1981), p. 51.
267 Thaddeus V. Gromada, “Polish Americans and Multiculturalism”, 4 January 1997, presidential address at meeting of Polish American Historical Association, in conjunction with American Historical Association, New York Hilton Hotel, New York City.
268 Betty Jean Craige, American Patriotism in a Global Society (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996), p. 65–66.
269 Lilia I. Bartolome, “Introduction”, in Alfonso Nava et al., Educating Americans in a Multicultural Society(New York: McGraw-Hill, 2nd ed., 1994), p. v.
270 James A. Banks, Multiethnic Education: Theory and Practice (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1994), p. 3.
271 Tiedt and Tiedt, Multicultural Teaching, p. xi.
272 Sandra Stotsky, Losing Our Language (New York: Free Press, 1999), p. 59–62, reporting the research of Charlotte Iiams, “Civic Attitudes Reflected in Selected Basal Readers for Grades One Through Six Used in the United States from 1900–1970” (Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Idaho, 1980).
273 Paul Vitz, Censorship: Evidence of Bias in Our Children’s Textbooks (Ann Arbor: Servant Books, 1986), p. 70–71; Nathan Glazer and Reed Ueda, Ethnic Groups in History Textbooks (Washington, D. C, Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1983), p. 15.
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274 Robert Lerner, Althea K. Nagai, Stanley Rothman, Molding the Good Citizen: The Politics of High School History Texts (Westport: Praeger, 1995), p. 153, citing the study by Diana Ravitch and Chester E. Finn, What Do Our 17–Year-Olds Know? (New York: Harper and Row, 1987), p. 270–72; Stotsky, Losing our Language, p. 72–74, 86–87, 90, 294, n20.
275 Glazer, We Are All Multiculturalists Now, p. 83; Schlesinger, The Disuniting of America, p. 123; American Council of Turstees and Alumni, Inside Academe, 8 (Fall 2002), p. 1, 3, citing the council’s report, Restoring America’s Legacy: The Challenge of Historical Literacy in the 21st Century (2002).
276 Lerner, et al., Molding the Good Citizen, p. 153, citing U. S. News and World Report, 12 April 1993, p. 56; American Council of Trustees and Alumni, Newsletter, 18 December 2000, citing the council’s report, Losing America’s Memory: Historical Illiteracy in the 21st Century (2000).
277 U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 2000 Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (Unpublished, selections available online at http: //www. ins. usdoj. gov/graphics/aboutins/statistics/ybpage. htm).
278 Economist, 24 June 2000, p 63.
279 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Trends in International Migration: Continuous Reporting System on Migration, (2000 ed. Paris, France: OECD, 2001).
280 World Population Prospects: The 2000 Revision – Highlights, Annex Tables (28 February 2001) (United Nations Population Division).
281 National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Population Projections for Japan: 1996–2100(1997).
282 Ole Waever et al., Identity, Migration and the New Security Agenda in Europe, (London: Pinter, 1993), p. 23.
283 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Trends in International Migration, p. 304.
284 U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 2000 Statistical Yearbook.
285 Milton M. Gordon, Assimilation in American Life (New York: Oxford University Press, 1964), p. 70–71.
286 Peter D. Salins, Assimilation, American Style (New York: Basic Books, 1997), p. 6, 48–49.
287 Gordon, Assimilation in American Life, p. 127, 244–45.
288 Will Herberg, Protestant Catholic Jew (Garden City: Doubleday, 1955), p. 33–34; George R. Stewart, American Ways of Life (New York: Doubleday, 1954), p. 23, cited in Gordon, Assimilation in American Life, p. 127–28.
289 Thomas Jefferson, Notes on Virginia, (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1954), p. 84–85.
290 Michael Piore, Birds of Passage: Migrant Labor and Industrial Societies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), p. 151.
291 Gordon, Assimilation in American Life, p. 190; Thomas Sowell, Migrations and Cultures: A World View, (New York: Basic Books, 1996), p. 48. For an excellent overview and analysis of the successful assimilation of pre-World War II immigrants and their descendants, see Richard Alba and Victor Nee, Remaking the American Mainstream: Assimilation and Contemporary Immigration (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003), chap. 3.
292 Samuel p. Huntington, The Clash of Civilization and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996), p. 264.
293 American Muslim Council, Zogby poll, released 28 August 2000.
294 Kambiz Ghanea Bassiri, Competing Visions of Islam in the United States: A Study of Los Angeles (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1997), p. 43–49.
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295 Corey Michael Spearman, “The Clash of Civilizations in Dearborn, Michigan” (Term paper, Kalamazoo College, Michigan, March 2000), p. 7, quoting Abu Mustafa Al-Bansilwani, “There Has to Be a Better Way – and There Is! ”, Ummah, I (no. 1, 1999), p. 1–2.
296 Daniel Patrick Moynihan, “The Sonnet About the Statue of Liberty”, New York, 19 May 1986), p. 58.
297 Sowell, Migrations and Cultures, p. 39–40; John C. Harles, Politics in the Lifeboat: Immigrants and the American Democratic Order (Boulder: Westview Press, 1993), p. 99.
298 Henri Wé ber, quoted in The Economist, 12 February 2000, p. 20.
299 Oscar Handlin, The Uprooted (Boston: Little, Brown, 2nd ed., 1973) p. 272; Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society (New York: Norton, rev. ed., 1998), p. 17; Harles, Politics in the Lifeboat, p. 4.
300 Salins, Assimilation, American Style, p. 48–49; Josef Joffe, personal conversation.
301 Piore, Birds of Passage: p. 149 ff.
302 Roberto Suro, Strangers Among Us (New York: Knopf, 1998), p. 325.
303 Washington, Jefferson, Franklin quoted in Matthew Spalding, “From Pluribus to Unum”, Policy Review, no. 67 (Winter 1994), p. 39–40.
304 Gordon, Assimilation in American Life, p. 132–33; Marcus Lee Hansen, The Immigrant in American History(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1940), p. 132; Heinz Kloss, The American Bilingual Tradition (Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 1977), p. 128; Will Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998), p. 28–29.
305 Samuel Lubell, The Future of American Politics (New York: Harper, 1951), p. 58ff.
306 New York Times, 9 December 1999, p. 1, 20; 5 March 2000, p. A1, A20; Washington Post, 18 September 1993, p. A1; New York City Department of City Planning, The Newest New Yorkers: 1995–1996: An Update of Immigration to NYC in the Mid ‘90s (8 November 1999).
307 James Dao, “Immigrant Diversity Slows Traditional Political Climb”, New York Times, 28 December 1999, p. A1; John J. Miller, The Unmaking of Americans (New York: Free Press, 1998), p. 218–19; Edward p. Lazear, Culture Wars in America (Stanford: Hoover Institution, Essays in Public Policy, no. 71, 1996), p. 9, citing 1990 census data.
308 Nathan Glazer, “Immigration and the American Future”, The Public Interest, 118 (Winter 1995), p. 51; “Issue Brief: Cycles of Nativism in U. S. History”, Immigration Forum, 19 May 2000, p. 1.
309 Robert William Fogel, The Fourth Great Awakening and the Future of Egalitarianism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 2000), p. 60; Barry Edmonston and Jeffrey p. Passel, “Ethnic Demography: U. S. Immigration and Ethnic Variations”, in Edmonston and Passel, eds., Immigration and Ethnicity (Washington, D. C.: Urban Institute Press 1994), p. 8; Campbell J. Gibson and Emily Lennon, Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign Born Population of the United States, 1850–1990 (Washington: Census Bureau Population Division, Working Paper 29, February 1999).
310 Richard Alba and Victor Nee, “Rethinking Assimilation Theory for a New Era of Immigration”, International Migration Review, 31 (Winter 1997), p. 842–43; Douglas Massey, “The New Immigration and Ethnicity in the United States”, Population and Development Review, 21 (September, 1995), p. 645, quoted in Peggy Levitt, The Transnational Villagers (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001), p. 18.
311 U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1999 Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, March 2002), p. 19; U. S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2001, p. 45.
312 Stephen A. Camarota, Immigrants in the United States—2002: A Snapshot of America’s Foreign-Born Population (Washington: Center for Immigration Studies, Backgrounder, November 2002), p. 1; Boston Globe, 10 March 2003, p. A3, citing William Frey’s analysis of Census Bureau figures.
313 Frederick Douglass, quoted in Judith N. Shklar, American Citizenship (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991), p. 48, 52.
314 Ronald Takaki, Double Victory: A Multicultural History of America (Boston: Little, Brown 2000), p. 82.
315 John Higham, Strangers in the Land (New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers University Press, 1988) p. 12ff; Kevin Phillips, The Cousins’ Wars (New York: Basic Books, 1999), p. 543 ff.
316 John A. Hawgood, The Tragedy of German-America (New York: G. p. Putnam’s Sons, 1940), p. 291–301; Ronald Fernandez, “Getting Germans to Fight Germans: The Americanizers of World War I”, Journal of Ethnic Studies, 9 (1981), p. 64–664 Higham, Strangers in the Land, pp, 216 -17.
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317 New York Times, 5 July 1918, p. 1, 6; John J. Miller, “Americanization Past and Future”, Freedom Review, 28 (Fall 1997), p. 11.
318 Nathan Glazer and Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Beyond the Melting Pot (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1970), p. 20; Mary C. Waters, Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), p. 175.
319 Michael Walzer, What It Means to Be an American (New York: Marsilio, 1992), p. 49.
320 Boston Globe, 27 May 2002, p. A1; 15 August 2002, p. A3; 23 November 2002, p. A15.
321 Miller, The Unmaking of Americans, p. 219–21.
322 Marilyn Halter, Washington Post Weekly Edition, 24 July 2000, p. 21.
323 См. Peter Skerry, Mexican Americans: The Ambivalent Minority (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993), passim; and Michael Jones-Correa, Between Two Nations: The Political Predicament of Latinos in New York City (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998) p. 5, 69–90.
324 Miller, The Unmaking of Americans, p. 120, 134–35, 221–23; James R. Edwards and James G. Gimbel, “The Immigration Game”, American Outlook, Summer 1999, p. 43; Linda Chavez, “Multiculturalism Getting Out of Hand”, USA Today, 14 December 1994, p. 13A.
325 Mark Krikorian, “Will Americanization Work in America? ” Freedom Review, 28 (Fall 1997), p. 51–52; Rubé n G. Rumbaut, Achievement and Ambition among Children of Immigrants in Southern California (Jerome Levy Economics Institute, Working Paper No. 215, November 1997), p. 14–15; Peter Skerry, “Do We Really Want Immigrants to Assimilate? ” Society, 37 (March-April 2000), p. 60, citing University of California Diversity Project, Final Report: Recommendations and Findings (Berkeley: Graduate School of Education, 2000).
326 Fernando Mateo, quoted in New York Times, 19 July 1998, p. 1; Levitt, Transnational Villagers, p. 3–4, 239–40; Jones-Correa, Between Two Nations, p. 5–6, 191–93; Robert S. Leiken, The Melting Border: Mexico and Mexican Communities in the United States (Washington, D. C.: Center for Equal Opportunity, 2000), p. 4–5.
327 Suro, Strangers Among Us, p. 124.
328 Levitt, Transnational Villagers, p. 219, citing 1990 census data.
329 Ibid, p. 2–3.
330 Deborah Sontag and Celia W. Dugger, “The New Immigrant Tide: A Shuttle Between Worlds”, New York Times, 19 July 1998, p. 26; New York Times, 17 June 2001, p. 1; Levitt, Transnational Villagers, p. 16, citing Lars Schoultz, “Central America and the Politicization of U. S. Immigration Policy”, in Christopher Mitchell, ed., Western Hemisphere Immigration and United States Foreign Policy (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992), p 189.
331 Ryan Rippel, “Ellis Island or Ellis Farm” (Term paper, Gover-nment 1582, Harvard University, Spring 2002), p. 14, 28.
332 Leiken, The Melting Border, p. 6, 13, 12–15; Levitt, Transnational Villagers, p. 180ff.
333 Stanley A. Renshon, Dual Citizens in America (Washington, D. C.: Center for Immigration Studies, backgrounder, July 2000), p. 3, and Dual Citizenship and American National Identity (Washington, D. C.: Center for Immigration Studies, Paper 20, October 2001), p. 15.
334 Renshon, Dual Citizens in America, p. 6; Aleinikoff, “Between Principles and Politics: U. S. Citizenship Policy”, in T. Alexander Aleinikoff and Douglas Klusmeyer, eds., From Migrants to Citizens: Membership in a Changing World (Washington, D. C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2000), p. 139–40.
335 Michael Jones-Correa, “Under Two Flags: Dual Nationality in Latin America and Its Consequences for Naturalization in the United States”, International Migration Review, 35 (Winter 2001), p. 1010.
336 Ibid., p. 1016–17.
337 Yasemin Soysal, Limits of Citizenship: Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), p. 205; Nathan Glazer, estimate, Harvard University, Globalization and Culture Seminar, 16 February 2001.
338 Jones-Correa, “Under Two Flags”, p. 1024; Boston Globe, 20 December 1999, p. B1; 13 May 2000, p. B3.
339 Jones-Correa, “Under Two Flags”, p. 1004, 1008.
340 New York Times, 19 June 2001, p. A4, 3 July 2001, p. A7; Levitt, Transnational Villagers, p. 19.
341 Относительно оценки стоимости и преимуществ двойного гражданства cм. Peter H. Schuck, “Plural Citizenships”, in Noah M. J. Pickus, ed., Immigration and Citizenship in the Twenty-First Century (Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1998), p. 162–76.
342 James H. Kettner, The Development of American Citizenship, 1608–1870 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978), p. 55, 267–69, 281–82, 343ff.
343 Arthur Mann, The One and the Many: Reflections on the American Identity (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979), p. 178.
344 Aleinikoff, “Between Principles and Politics”, p. 137.
345 Peter H. Schuck and Rogers M. Smith, Citizenship Without Consent: Illegal Aliens in the American Polity(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985), p. 167, n 31.
346 Renshon, Dual Citizenship and American National Identity, p. 6; Renshon, Dual Citizens in America, p. 3.
347 См. Schuck, “Plural Citizenships”, p. 149–51, 173 ff.; Renshon, Dual Citizenship and American National Identity, p. 11–12.
348 Aristotle, The Politics, 1275a, 1278a, quoted in Michael Walzer, Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality (New York: Basic Books, 1983), p. 53–54. См. p. 92–113 перевода Эрнеста Бейкера (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1946) относительно обширных рассуждений Аристотеля о гражданстве при различных формах общественного устройства.
349 Schuck, “Plural Citizenships”, p. 169.
350 Soysal, Limits of Citizenship, p. 1.
351 Joseph H. Carens, “Why Naturalization Should Be Easy: A Response to Noah Pickus”, in Pickus, Immigration and Citizenship, p. 143.
352 Deborah J. Yashar, “Globalization and Collective Action”, Comparative Politics, 34 (April 2002), p. 367, citing Soysal, Limits of Citizenship, p. 119ff.; Schuck and Smith, Citizenship Without Consent, p. 107.
353 Aleinikoff, “Between Principles and Politics”, p. 150.
354 Peter J. Spiro, “Questioning Barriers to Naturalization”, Georgetown Immigration Law Journal, 13 (Summer 1999), p. 517; Aleinikoff, “Between Principles and Politics”, p. 154.
355 Jones-Correa, Between Two Nations, p. 198, n. 11; Leticia Quezada, quoted in Washington Post National Weekly Edition, 11–17 July 1994, p. 23.
356 David Jacobson, Rights Across Borders: Immigration and the Decline of Citizenship (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), p. 8–9; Sarah V. Wayland, “Citizenship and Incorporation: How Nation-States Respond to the Challenges of Migration”, Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, 20 (Summer/Fall 1996), p. 39; Irene Bloemraad, “The North American Naturalization Gap: An Institutional Approach to Citizenship Acquisition in the United States and Canada”, International Migration Review, 36 (Spring 2002), p. 193–228, especially p. 209, and “A Macro-Institutional Approach to Immigrant Political Incorporation: Comparing the Naturalization Rates and Processes of Portuguese Immigrants in the US and Canada” (paper, annual meeting, American Sociological Association, August 1999, Chicago).
357 Maria Jiminez, quoted in New York Times, 13 September 1996, p. A16; Jones-Correa Between Two Nations, p. 200.
358 Immigration and Naturalization Service release, Boston Globe, 17 July 2002, p. A3.
359 Spiro, “Questioning Barriers to Naturalization”, p. 492, 518.
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