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Classification of crimes / Классификация преступлений
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1. Crimes against administration of justice – преступления против нарушения порядка, осуществления правосудия
Misdemeanor – мисдиминор, судебно наказуемый проступок
Offence - правонарушение
Petty offence – незначительное (мелкое) правонарушение
Tort – деликт, гражданское правонарушение
Trespassing – незначительное нарушение закона
2 Crimes against person – преступления против личности
Abduction – похищение (женщины, ребенка)
- abduction by fraud – похищение с помощью обмана
- abduction by violence – насильственное похищение
Assassination –вероломное убийство
Assault – нападение, словесное оскорбление и угроза физическим насилием
Homicide – лишение человека жизни, убийство
Intimidation – запугивание, устрашение
Kidnapping – похищение людей
Killing – убийство
- Accidental killing – непреднамеренное убийство
- Intentional killing – преднамеренное (умышленное) убийство
Lynch law - самосуд
Manslaughter – непредумышленное убийство
Murder – тяжкое убийство
Murder for hire – тяжкое убийство по найму
- Attempted murder – покушение на убийство
- First degree murder – тяжкое убийство первой степени
- Second degree murder – тяжкое убийство второй степени
Rape – изнасилование
Gang rape – групповое изнасилование
Sexual offence – преступления на сексуальной почве
Slaughter – массовое убийство, резня
3. Crimes against property – преступления против собственности
Arson – поджог
-arson attempt – покушение на поджог
Burglary – кража со взломом
Car theft – угон (кража) автомобиля
Housebreaking – квартирная кража
Larceny – воровство
Mugging –ограбление на улице
Pick-pocketing – карманная кража
Raid – налет
Robbery – грабеж, ограбление
Shoplifting – ограбление магазина
Stealing – воровство, кража
Theft – кража
- grand theft – крупная кража
- petty theft – мелкая кража
4. Economic crimes – экономические преступления
Blackmail – шантаж, вымогательство
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Blue-collar crime – ‘’синеворотничковое’’ преступление, (преступление, совершенное производственным рабочим)
Bribery – взяточничество
Counterfeiting – фальшивомонетничество
Extortion – вымогательство
Embezzlement –растрата, хищение, присвоение имущества
Forgery – подделка документов, фальшивка
Fraud – обман, мошенничество
Racketeering – рэкет, вымогательство
Slander – клевета
White-collar crime – «беловоротничковое» преступление (преступная махинация, совершенная служащим или лицом, занимающим высокое общественное положение)
Crimes against the State – преступления против государства
Betrayal – предательство, измена
Drug trafficking – транспортировка, перевозка наркотиков
Espionage / spying – шпионаж
Hijacking – угон воздушного судна, воздушное пиратство
Misappropriation of public property – незаконное присвоение государственной собственности
Perjury – лжесвидетельство
Sedition – подстрекательство к мятежу, бунту; антиправительственная агитация
Slaughter –массовое убийство, кровопролитие
Smuggling – контрабанда
Terrorism – терроризм
Treason – государственная измена
Vandalism – вандализм
Exercise 1. Here is a list of some criminals and the crimes they commit, but it is incomplete. Fill in the missing parts. 
| Criminal Crime The criminal … |
| Thief theft/robbery stole some jewelry |
| Murderer killed a policeman |
| hijacking hijacked a plane |
| Drug dealer drug dealing dealt in pushing cocaine |
| Kidnapping |
| Rapist |
| Mugger mugged an old lady |
| Car thief stole a BMW |
| Robbery |
| Terrorist committed an act of terrorism (e.g. bombing, murder, kidnapping) |
Тема 15
Работа полиции США
The USA police ranks:
Commissioner – комиссар
Chief – начальник (полиции)
Assistant-Chief / Deputy Chief / Commander – заместитель начальника
Master Police Officer старший
Senior Police Officer офицер
Trooper detective – (моторизованный) полицейский детектив
Major / Inspector – майор / инспектор
Inspector / Detective – инспектор / детектив
Captain / Precinct Commander – капитан, начальник отдела
Lieutenant – лейтенант
Colonel – полковник
Sergeant / Detective Sergeant – сержант / детектив / сержант
Corporal / Detective (Investigator) – капрал / детектив / следователь
Police Officer – офицер полиции
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Patrol Officer – патрульный
Peace Officer – офицер охраны порядка
Beat Officer – участковый инспектор
Traffic Officer – инспектор дорожного движения
Training Officer – инструктор
Officer of Special Assignment – офицер специального назначения
Sheriff – шериф, профессиональный работник полиции; начальник правоприменительного органа округа (часто – выборная должность)
Text №1
1. Some word for the text:
Agency – агентство, организация, орган
sheriff - шериф
bridge – мост
tunnel – тоннель
all in all – всего
separate – отдельный
to finance – финансировать
finance - финансы
respective - соответствующий
weapon - оружие
club - дубинка
2. Read the text and answer the following questions:
1. What five main types of police agencies are operating in the USA?
2. What other police forces are functioning there too?
3. Who finances the federal police agencies?
4. Who finances special police forces?
5. Are all policemen usually armed?
The Police of the USA
The modern police departments in the USA came into existence in the years following World War I. Since 1920 municipal police agencies have increasingly grown in personnel and responsibilities. Special training and more selective recruitment practices have been developed to go hand in hand with the use of such technological developments as the automobile, the individual police radio, and the computer. The great part of police work does not involve crime-fighting situations but rather consists of both service and peace-keeping activities.
Service functions include directing traffic and enforcing traffic regulations, answering accident calls, aiding the sick, helping find a lost child or rescue a lost pet, recovering stolen property, and reporting fires. These are all services performed to assist the public.
There are five main types of police agencies operating in the USA:
- police agencies of the Federal government (Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Park Service, Border Patrol, US Postal Inspector and so on);
- state police forces (highway patrol, drug control agency, investigative bureaux and so on);
- sheriffs in counties (county sheriffs’ offices);
- the police forces of cities and towns (municipal or city police);
- the police of villages (constables and village police departments).
Municipal police departments are the heart of the entire police system. They have their own organization with several different divisions, each with specific functions. In most departments there are four major divisions:
- field operations (patrol, investigation, traffic, youth divisions, special operations etc.);
- administrative services (community relations, planning);
- technical services (communications, records,etc.) and
- inspectional services (internal affaires, intelligence, etc.).
Besides there are such special police forces as parks police, bridge and tunnel administration police forces, and police organizations for special tasks. All in all, there are about 40,000 separate police agencies in the United States of America.
The federal police agencies are financed from the Federal Fund. Other police forces are financed from the respective authorities’ funds.
Policemen have weapons, such as revolvers, clubs and gas pistols.
3. Translate the following word-combinations using the text above:
- peace-keeping activities;
- to enforce the law;
- municipal police agency;
- to go hand in hand;
- to rescue a lost pet;
- stolen property;
- drug control agency;
- traffic regulations.
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4. Translate the following into Russian paying attention to the word state
State
Государство штат
state police forces (in the USA) --------------------------------------------
the United State of America --------------------------------------------
state financing (in the USA) ------------------------------------------------
state financing (in other countries) ------------------------------------------------
the state of Belgium ----------------------------------------------
the European states ------------------------------------------------
5 Find the Russian equivalents given in column B:
A B
1 to direct traffic 1.возвращать похищенное имущество
2 to assist public 2. находить пропавших детей
3 to recover stolen property 3. носить оружие
4 to find lost children 4. регулировать дорожное движение
5 to have weapons 5. оказывать помощь людям
6. Make up different word-combinations using the following words (A,B) and translate them:
A B
Police training
Peace-keeping property
Technological department
Traffic activities
Stolen development
Special regulations
7. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false); correct the false ones:
1. There are four main types of police agencies operating in the USA.
2. The great part of police work involve crime-fighting situations.
3. The modern police departments in the USA came into existence in the years
following World War II.
4. Municipal police departments are the heart of the entire police system.
5. The field operations division is responsible for patrolling streets,
investigations, traffic and nothing else.
6. The federal police agencies are financed from the Federal Fund.
7. American policemen do not carry weapons.
8. Insert these words into the sentences:
Rehabilitate, sentence, patrol, conduct, prevent, punish, arrest
1. The police __________ the streets of cities and towns on a regular basis.
2. Police officers are doing their best to _________ crimes.
3. Sometimes the police ___________ criminals with the help of ordinary people on the scene of crime.
4. Courts __________ trials of the accused and ________ criminals to different terms.
5. The society has created a correctional process to ________ convicted persons
and implement programs to __________ those persons.
Note: to implement – применять, внедрять.
Just for fun
A beautiful blonde walked into a Chicago police station and gave the desk sergeant a detailed description of a man who had dragged her by the hair down three flights of stairs, threatened to choke her to death and finally beat her up.
«With this description we’ll have him arrested in no time», said the desk sergeant.
«But I don’t want him arrested», the young woman protested.
«Just find him for me. He promised to marry me».
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