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J. Edgar Hoover as director
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The Director of the BOI, J. Edgar Hoover, was an FBI Director who served from 1924–1972, a combined 48 years with the BOI, DOI, and FBI. He was chiefly responsible for creating the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory, or the FBI Laboratory, which officially opened in 1932, as part of his work to professionalize investigations by the government. Hoover had substantial involvement in most major cases and projects which the FBI handled during his tenure. After Hoover's death, Congress passed legislation limiting the tenure of future FBI Directors to a maximum of ten years.
During the "War on Crime" of the 1930s, FBI agents apprehended or killed a number of notorious criminals who carried out kidnappings, robberies, and murders throughout the nation, including John Dillinger, "Baby Face" Nelson, Kate "Ma" Barker, Alvin "Creepy" Karpis, and George "Machine Gun" Kelly.
Other activities of its early decades included a decisive role in reducing the scope and influence of the Ku Klux Klan. Additionally, through the work of Edwin Atherton, the FBI claimed success in apprehending an entire army of Mexican neo-revolutionaries along the California border in the 1920s.
Hoover began using wiretapping in the 1920s during Prohibition to arrest bootleggers. A 1927 case in which a bootlegger was caught through telephone tapping went to the United States Supreme Court, which ruled that the FBI could use wiretaps in its investigations and did not violate the Fourth Amendment as unlawful search and seizure as long as the FBI did not break in to a person's home to complete the tapping. After Prohibition's repeal, Congress passed the Communications Act of 1934, which outlawed non-consensual phone tapping, but allowed bugging. In another Supreme Court case, the court ruled in 1939 that due to the 1934 law, evidence the FBI obtained by phone tapping was inadmissible in court. A 1967 Supreme Court decision overturned the 1927 case allowing bugging, after which Congress passed the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act, allowing public authorities to tap telephones during investigations, as long as they obtain a warrant beforehand.
Работа полиции Великобритании
Тема 17
Столичная полиция Лондона
The UK police ranks:
Chief Constable – CC – главный констебль
Deputy Chief Constable – DCC – заместитель главного констебля
Assistant Chief Constable and Commander – ACC – помощник главного констебля и коммандер
Chief Superintendent – C/Supt – главный суперинтендант
Detective Chief Superintendent – детектив главный суперинтендант
Superintendent – Supt – суперинтендант
(Detective-Superintendent) – D/Supt – детектив суперинтендант
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Chief Inspector – HMCIC или CI – главный инспектор Её Величества
Detective Chief Inspector – DCI – детектив главный инспектор
Inspector – HMI(C) – инспектор полиции Её Величества
Detective Inspector – DI – детектив инспектор
Sergeant – сержант
Detective Sergeant – DS – детектив сержант
Police Sergeant – PS – полицейский сержант
Constable – констебль
Detective Constable – DC – детектив констебль
Police Constable – PC – полицейский констебль
Woman Police Constable – WPC – женщина-констебль
Commissioner – комиссар
Deputy Commissioner – заместитель комиссара
Deputy Assistant Commissioner – DAC – заместитель
помощника комиссара
Text №1
1. Read the text and give a brief summary of the text in Russian. The following words will help you understand the text:
1. to create - создавать
2. commissioner - комиссар
3. to split – разбивать, разделять
4. to mount – 1) подниматься, 2) садиться на лошадь
5. mounted - конный
6. grade - степень
7. superintendent – 1) старший полицейский офицер, 2) руководитель
8. apprehension - задержание
9. liberty - свобода
10. tribute – дань, должное
11. to attach (smth to smth) – прилагать
The Metropolitan Police Force of London
The Metropolitan Police Force was created in 1829 by an Act of Parliament. It is the largest Police Force in Britain, policing an area of 742 square miles of Greater London.
The Force is controlled by the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis under the general directions of the Home Secretary.
The Metropolitan Police District is divided into four Districts. Each District comprises five or six Divisions. The twenty three Divisions are divided into sub-Divisions, and a sub-Division is split into sectional police stations under the control of a Station Officer, who is usually a Sergeant.
The Metropolitan Police is divided into two main branches – the Criminal Investigation Department (the CID), and the uniformed branch. There are a number of specialist branches in the Force such as the Mounted Branch, the Dog Branch, the River Police, the Women police and others.
The main goals of policing include the prevention of crime and disorder, the preservation of the peace, the apprehension of offenders, the recovery of lost or stolen property, and the protection of life, property, and personal liberties.
The popular nickname of the London policeman «bobby» is a tribute to Sir Robert Peel, whose Christian name Bob attached itself to members of the force. Sir Robert Peel reorganized the London police in 1829.
2. Write out the corresponding adjectives from the text:
Metropolis _________________
Person ____________________
Section ____________________
Crime ____________________
To mount _________________
To lose __________________.
3. Match the synonyms:
Act security
Branch freedom
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Goal main
Protection affiliation
Liberty bill
Principal purpose
Special specialized
4. Open the brackets using the verbs in correct forms:
1. The Metropolitan Police Force of London (to create) in 1829.
2. It (to control) by the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis.
3. The Metropolitan Police District (to divide) into four Districts.
4. The 23 Divisions (to divide) into sub-divisions.
5. The sub-Divisions (to split) into sectional police stations.
6. The Metropolitan Police (to associate) with the name of Sir Robert Peel.
5. Insert correct articles:
1. … Metropolitan Police is … largest police force in Britain.
2. They police … area of more than 700 square miles.
3. … land mile is equal to 1,609 kilometres.
4. … nautical mile is equal to 1,852 kilometres.
5. … main goals of policing include … prevention of … crime and disorders, and … preservation of peace.
6. Their goals are also … apprehension of offenders, … recovery of lost or stolen property, and … protection of life, property, and personal liberties.
6. Check if you remember:
1. Who supervises and directs the Metropolitan Police?
2. Who heads sectional police stations?
3. How many main branches of the Metropolitan Police Force are there?
4. What specialist branches of police are there in Britain?
7 Complete these sentences:
1. The letters CID stand for _________.
2. The popular nickname of the London policeman is _________.
3. This word originated from Sir _____________.
4. It was he who reorganized the London police in _________.
5. The full name of the police of London is ____________.
Text №2
1. Some new words to the text:
Law and order – правопорядок, закон и порядок
Beat – район, дозор, обход
Distinctive markings – отличительные особенности, приметы
Fluorescent – флуоресцентный, светящийся
Stripe - полоса
Founder - основатель
Nickname - прозвище
Authority – власть, полномочие
County - графство
Councilor – член совета, советник
To co-operate – сотрудничать, содействовать, объединяться
To give assistance – оказывать содействие, оказывать помощь
To carry – носить, иметь при себе
Gun – орудие, огнестрельное оружие
Robbery – грабеж
To assign – назначать, поручать
To guard - охранять
Circumstance - обстоятельство
Permission - разрешение
To gain – получать, приобретать
To make up – составлять, комплектовать
Voluntarily - добровольно
Traffic warden – инспектор дорожного движения
To obey – выполнять, соблюдать
Speeding – превышение скорости
To safeguard - охранять
Property – собственность, имущество
2. Read and translate the text:
The British Police
The British police officer is a well-known figure to anyone who has visited Britain or who has seen British films. Policemen are to be seen in towns and cities keeping law and order, either walking in pairs down the streets («walking the beat») or driving specially marked police cars. Once known as «panda cars» because of their distinctive markings, these are now often jokingly referred to as «jam sandwiches» because of the pink fluorescent stripe running horizontally around the bodywork. In the past, policemen were often known as «bobbies» after Sir Robert Peel, the founder of the police force. Nowadays, common nicknames include «the cops», «the fuzz», «the pigs», and «the Old Bill» (particularly in London). Few people realize, however, that the police in Britain are organized very differently from many other countries.
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Most countries, for example, have a national police force which is controlled by central Government. Britain has no national police force, although police policy is governed by the central Government’s Home Office. Instead, there is a separate police force for each of 52 areas into which the country is divided. Each has a police authority – a committee of local county councillors and magistrates.
The forces co-operate with each other, but it is unusual for members of one force to operate in another’s area unless they are asked to give assistance. This happens when there has been a very serious crime. A Chief Constable (the most senior police officer of a force) may sometimes ask for the assistance of London’s police force, based at New Scotland Yard – known simply as «the Yard».
In most countries the police carry guns. In Britain, however, this is extremely unusual. Policemen do not, as a rule, carry firearms in their day-to-day work, though certain specialist units are trained to do so and can be called upon to help the regular police force in situations where firearms are involved, e.g. terrorist incidents, armed robberies, etc. The only policemen who routinely carry weapons are those assigned to guard politicians and diplomats, or special officers who patrol airports.
In certain circumstances specially trained police officers can be armed, but only with the signed permission of a magistrate.
All members of police must have gained a certain level of academic qualifications at school and undergone a period of intensive training. Like in the army, there are a number of ranks: after the Chief Constable comes the Assistant Chief Constable, Chief Superintendent, Chief Inspector, Inspector, Sergeant and Constable. There are about 150,000 policemen in Britain, or one officer for every 380 people in the population. Women make up about 10 per cent of the police force. The police are helped by a number of Special Constables – members of the public who work for the police voluntarily for a few hours a week.
Each police force has its own Criminal Investigation Department (CID). Members of CIDs are detectives, and they do not wear uniforms. The other uniformed people you see in British towns are traffic wardens. Their job is to make sure that drivers obey the parking regulations. They have no other powers – it is the police who are responsible for controlling offences like speeding, careless driving and drunken driving.
The duties of the police are varied, ranging from assisting at accidents to safeguarding public order and dealing with lost property. One of their main functions is, of course, apprehending criminals and would-be criminals.
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