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b) Make up a sentence with one collocation from each string.
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b) Make up a sentence with one collocation from each string.
NB The word encompass is not included in the exercise because it can form an unlimited number of free word combinations.
1. economically, ________________, _________________, _______________ vulnerable
2. vulnerable to downturn, ________________, _______________, _____________
3. to gain, _______________, ________________, _____________ momentum
4. considerable, _______________, ________________, _______________ momentum
5. a plausible assumption, ________________, ________________, ________________
6. scientifically, ________________, _______________, _____________ plausible
7. to boost dramatically, _______________, _______________, _______________
8. to boost cooperation, _______________, ________________, _______________
9. to denigrate opponents, ________________, _______________, ______________
10. to revere (the) monarch, _________________, _______________, ______________
11. to deem (sth/sb)appropriate, _________________, _______________, ______________
12. to nudge (sb) towards democracy, _______________, _____________, _____________
13. to wield influence, ________________, ________________, ________________
Ex. 13. a) Build all possible words from those given below and translate them into Russian.
Revere, vulnerable, to boost, plausible, to denigrate, to nudge
b) Make collocations with the new words and have your classmates translate them. L2
Ex. 14. a) Find in B two synonyms for the verbs in A and write them next to these words.
| A |
B | |
| 1. to boost 2. to revere 3. to denigrate 4. to nudge 5. to wield 6. to encompass 7. to deem | to prompt to perceive to exert /formal/ to enhance to comprise /formal/ to esteem /formal/ to denounce | to apply to urge to run down to embrace /formal/ to worship to advance to view |
b) Use dictionaries to find another two synonyms for each word in A. Present them in class: comment on their style and give the closest Russian equivalents.
e. g. to revere → to venerate /formal/ – чтить, почитать, преклоняться
c) Make phrases with the synonyms, translate them into Russian and in class have your classmates do back translation. L2
e. g. чтить традиции → to venerate traditions
Ex. 15. L2a) Match the verbs in A with their antonyms in B. You may want to use a dictionary.
| A | B |
| 1. to revere 2. to nudge 3. to denigrate 4. to boost | a) to impede b) to eulogise c) to deride d) to discourage |
b) Translate the antonyms into Russian. Which of the three antonyms belong to formal English? Can you suggest less formal / informal antonyms?
Ex. 16. a) Write the adjectives from the following list in the appropriate boxes.
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Exposed, probable, immune, prone, conceivable, susceptible, incredible, impervious, far-fetched, insensitive, feasible, unlikely.
| adjectives | synonyms | antonyms |
| plausible | ||
| vulnerable |
b) Use a dictionary to find out which of the adjectives belong to formal style.
c) Make sentences with two synonyms and two antonyms. Be consistent in terms of style. L2
Ex. 17. Replace the words in bold with their synonyms from Ex. 11.
1. Grilling the Centre for its flawed vaccination policy, the Supreme Court of India urged the government to correct its course.
2. The multicultural employment strategy comprises a range of programmes to assist migrants and refugees in finding a job.
3. ‘The immigration laws of the United States give the president the power to suspend entry into the country of any class of persons that the president believes detrimental to the interests or security of the United States, as he believes appropriate, ’ said the then President.
4. The Holy Roman Empire was essentially a regional state ruling Germany, though it also exerted influence in Eastern Europe and Italy.
5. In some countries, the pandemic crisis will generate an impetus towards a more sustainable and socially just society.
6. Many nations had black periods in their past, but they all venerate their history and traditions.
7. Leonard Crane in his book Ninth Day of Creation makes a scientifically credible argument that our current dabbling in[17] the gene code could prove to be the biological equivalent to the 1940s nuclear energy experiments.
8. The owners of the Philadelphia Inquirer fired its top editor for allowing a headline that derided the BLM movement.
9. In 2018, the arrival of more than a million migrants, many from war zones in the Middle East, fostered support for the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party.
10. People in refugee camps, institutional care and other settings where people live closely together are sensitive to infection.
Ex. 18. Complete the sentences by using the words from Ex. 11 (you may need to use derivatives).
1. The island of Iona, off the west coast of Scotland, the symbolic centre of Scottish Christianity, has always been _____________ as a holy place.
2. While all states have lost economic_____________ over the past year, richer state economies have seen a sharper slowdown.
3. In determining who should_____________authority over education, it is not only parents and the state who have interests at stake.
4. The acute effects that may be induced by psychedelic drugs ___________ a broad spectrum of alterations in cognitive functioning.
5. A trade war with China – a country with a $473 billion of bilateral trade with America in the first ten months of this year – is an ____________ assumption (CNBC in 2016).
6. In democratic countries parliamentary approval is ____________ advisable for important treaties.
7. In the US, the states that lifted business restrictions early during the COVID-19 pandemic benefited from a ____________ in economic activity, but those gains were limited or short-lived.
8. Saint Petersburg, Florida is the most ____________to flooding compared to all other metro areas in the United States.
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9. Most of the junta leaders in Myanmar were sanctioned, but this didn’t ___________ them towards partial reforms.
10. In North Korea, _____________of the political system and its leader on even a minor scale is considered a major crime.
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