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5. Retell the text. 6. Read the following dialogue and make up your own dialogue with a partner to discuss the contribution of Russian scientists to the field you study at.
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5. Retell the text.
6. Read the following dialogue and make up your own dialogue with a partner to discuss the contribution of Russian scientists to the field you study at.
Dialogue
- Hi, Marina. What are you searching in the Internet?
- Hi, Sasha. As you know, I study at the Technological faculty so I want to know more about Russian scientists and their inventions in the field of chemistry. Have you known any Russian chemist?
- Oh, I think that everybody knows the name of Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev and his Periodic table. He must be number one in your list.
- Yes, the Periodic table is the main framework of the modern chemistry. But Mendeleev wasn’t the first Russian chemist at all. I mean M. V. Lomonosov. He is considered to be the first scientist in Russian Empire. Lomonosov was the first person who recorded the freezing of mercury and carried out the initial experiments with it. Besides he was the inventor of the colored glass. He set up a glass factory that produced the first stained glass mosaics outside of Italy.
- Well, what else have you found out about our scientists?
- Have you ever heard about Nikolay Semyonov? He was the first Nobel Prize holder in Chemistry. In 1956 he was awarded the Nobel Prize jointly with Cyril Nirman Hinshelwood from the UK for work on the mechanism of chemical reactions.
- Really? Are there any other chemists who got the Nobel Prize?
- Unfortunately, not. But their contributions to the chemistry are worth it. Aleksandr Butlerov, for example, was one of the creators of the theory of chemical structure, playing a central role in organic chemistry. Vladimir Shukhov invented the first cracking method. Sergei Lebedev invented the first commercially viable and mass-produced type of synthetic rubber and many others. Besides many scientists from other fields contributed much to Chemistry. For example, physicists Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov invented graphene and were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010.
- Well, I wonder how many scientists I haven’t known. Thank you, Marina. I decided to find out more about inventions in the field I am studying now.
- Good luck, Sasha. I’d like to know about them too.
- Of course, I’ll tell you all with great pleasure.
7. Read the text about the Russian physicist Zhores Alferov and discuss his contribution to the science with your partner.
Zhores Ivanovich Alferov is a Russian physicist who has made fundamental contributions to information technology. He was born on the 15th March 1930 in Vitebsk, Belorussia. He got his first education in Belarusian Polytechnic Academy. In 1952 he graduated from Ulyanov (Lenin) Electrotechnical Institute in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg). Since 1953 he has worked in Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Zh. Alferov has several scientific degrees: a Candidate of Sciences in Technology and a Doctor of Sciences in Physics and Mathematics. He has been a director of the Institute from 1987 to 2003. At present time he is a rector of Academic University, Vice-President of the Russian Academy of Sciences and President of Saint Petersburg Scientific Center.
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Since 1962 he has been working in the area of semiconductors and heterostructures. His contributions to physics and technology of semiconductor heterostructures, especially investigations of injection properties, development of lasers, solar cells, LED's, and epitaxial processes have led to the creation of modern heterostructure physics and electronics.
In 2000 he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with two US researchers Jack Kilby and Herbert Kroemer, " for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and optoelectronics". Zhores Alferov and US researchers were cited for work that paved the way for computers, CD players, satellite links and mobile telephones. Zh. Alferov, Kilby and Kroemer contributed to more recent developments in electronics, creating subtle structures inside silicon crystals that have led to much faster and more powerful applications. Hermann Grimmeiss, a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the body which decides who should get the famous Nobel Prizes, said the work of the three men had been invaluable in developing the electronic devices that have transformed modern life: " Without Zh. Alferov, it would not be possible to transfer all the information from satellites down to the Earth or to have so many telephone lines between cities. " Alferov said of his award: " It is without doubt a symbol of international recognition of our Soviet and Russian physics”.
On the base of http: //news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/science/nature/965528. stm
THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND NORTHERN IRELAND
1. Look at the following word combinations and try to remember them:
1) equable – без перепадов (температуры)
2) drift – течение
3) iron ore – железная руда
4) tin – олово
5) deposits – запасы, залежи
6) to exhaust – истощать
7) to decline – уменьшать(ся)
8) output – производство, разработка
9) valuable – ценный
10) motor vehicle – автомобиль
11) to constitute – составлять
12) to comprise – включать, содержать
13) Commonwealth – (Британское) содружество (наций)
14) dependency – зд. страна-колония
15) to bound – связывать
16) currency – валюта
17) heritage – наследие
18) to take place – проходить, происходить
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