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MOSCOW. 5. Retell the text.
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MOSCOW
1. Look at the following words and try to remember them:
| 1) plain– 2) rank – 3) medieval – 4) Grand Duchy – 5) Tsardom – 6) contemporary– 7) dominant – 8) employment – 9) source – 10) ball bearing – 11) timber – 12) processing– 13) headquarters– 14) insurance – 15) entertainment– 16) spire – 17) church – 18) elaborate – 19) сannon – 20) foundry – 21) network – 22) include – 23) renowned – 24) notable – | равнина занимать средневековый княжество царство современный преобладающий работа, занятость источник шарикоподшипник лесоматериалы обработка штаб страхование развлечение шпиль церковь искусно сделанный пушка литейное ремесло сеть включать знаменитый известный |
2. Read and translate the text about Moscow:
Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation. It is one of the biggest and cosmopolitan cities in Russia situated on the Moskva River more than 40 km from north to south and more than 30 km from east to west. Moscow ranks the fifth place among the largest cities in the world. The history of Moscow dates back to the year 1147 when the Prince Yury Dolgoruky considered to found the new settlement on the seven hills. The city has served as the capital from the medieval Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Tsardom of Russia to the Russian Empire, to the Soviet Union and to the contemporary Russian Federation.
Moscow lies in the centre of the vast plain of European Russia. This region is one of the most highly developed and densely populated areas of Russia. Only a small percentage of Moscow’s population is employed in the city centre because of the decentralization of workplaces. Industry is the dominant source of employment, followed by science and research. Moscow’s role in the country’s engineering is of prime importance. Engineering (production of automobiles and trucks, ball bearings, machine tools, and precision instruments) and metalworking are the most important industries. Other important activities include the manufacture of textiles, chemicals and consumer goods (foodstuffs, footwear); timber processing; construction; and printing and publishing. Moscow is the headquarters of state insurance and banking organizations.
There are a lot of different places of interest in Moscow – historical, cultural, and architectural sites as well as entertainment centres. The centre of the city and the historical heart of Moscow is the Kremlin. Its redbrick walls and 20 towers (19 with spires) were built at the end of the 15th century and were partially rebuilt in later years. Within the walls of the Kremlin the meeting places of the government of Russia are located. Among these are the former Senate building (1776-88), the Kremlin Great Palace (1838-49), and the modern Palace of Congresses (1960-61). Other features within the Kremlin include the central Cathedral Square, around which three cathedrals are grouped, all examples of Russian church architecture at its height in the late 15 th and early 16 th centuries; a group of palaces of various periods; the Armoury Museum; and the Arsenal (1702-1736) and the Diamond Fund with its unique collection of precious stones and jewelry. Near the white bell tower of Ivan III the Great there is the Tsar-Bell which is the largest bell in the world. Its weight is 202 tons and height 6. 14 meters. Not far from the bell, there is the 40-ton Tsar-Cannon, a masterpiece of the 16th century foundry, which has never been used for its purpose. Along the east wall of the Kremlin there is Red Square, the main Moscow hotspot and the symbol of the whole Russia. Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed is at the southern end of the square. The State Department Store, GUM, faces the Kremlin, and the State Historical Museum (1875-83) closes off the northern end of the square.
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Moscow is also a major cultural and scientific centre of Russia. Moscow has 222 institutions of higher education, including 60 state universities. This large concentration of educational institutions draws students from throughout Russia. Moscow State University (1755) is the leading educational institution. The city’s many specialized educational institutions include the Moscow State Institute of International Relations, Timiryazev Academy of Agriculture, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics and the Moscow Tchaikovsky State Conservatory. Scientific research is conducted by the Academy of Sciences of Russia and many institutions linked to industry. There are 452 libraries in the city. The Russian State Library (former The V. Lenin State Library) is the national largest library in Russia with over 17 million books and serial volumes, 13 million journals, 350, 000 music scores and sound records, and 150, 000 maps.
There are 96 parks and 18 gardens in Moscow, including four botanical gardens. Among the most known parks are the Gorky park, Losiny Ostrov National Park, Sokolniki Park, Nikitskiy park, Zaryadye park. The highest point of Moscow is Vorobyovy Gory from which the amazing view of the Moskva river bend and the Big Arena of Luzhniki Stadium is opened.
There are more than 60 museums in the capital. Of the many museums and galleries, the State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, The State Historical Museum of Russia, The Borodino Panorama museum, The Polytechnical Museum and the State Tretyakov Gallery are notable. Theatre, music, and art are important in the city’s life. The State Academic Bolshoi (“Great”) Theatre (1825), Maly (“Little”) Theatre, and Moscow Art theatre are especially renowned. There are also two large circuses in Moscow: Moscow State Circus and Moscow Circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard named after Iurii Nikulin.
Moscow has been the largest transport hub of Russia throughout its history. There are 6 airports, 9 railway stations and 3 river boat ports in Moscow. The length of the underground lines exceeds 260 kilometers to more than 160 metro stations, new ones are continuously built. The first line was opened in 1935. The architecture of the metro stations is among the most beautiful in the world.
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The area of the city is 1, 000 square kilometers. The Moscow population is constantly increasing and now is about 13 million people and 17. 1 million within the urban area.
On the base of https: //www. britannica. com/place/Moscow
https: //legendtour. ru/eng/russia/moscow/
https: //landbeauties. com/moscow/
3. Find in the above text the English equivalents to the following Russian word combinations:
Новое поселение; князь; средневековое княжество; высоко развитый; плотно населенный; основной источник занятости (рабочей силы); товары народного потребления; переработка лесоматериалов; государственное страхование; развлекательные центры; шедевр литейного ремесла; популярное место; большой Кремлевский дворец; в своем расцвете; вдоль восточной стены; изо всех уголков России; специализированные образовательные центры; музыкальные партитуры; особенно знамениты; восхитительный вид; транспортный узел; протяженность подземных линий; постоянно увеличивается; пригород.
4. Answer the following questions:
1. Where is Moscow located?
2. Who is considered to be the founder of Moscow?
3. How old is Moscow?
4. What is the dominant source of employment in Moscow?
5. What are the most important industries in Moscow?
6. What is the historical heart of Moscow?
7. What historical sites are there in within the Kremlin?
8. Where does Red Square lie?
9. What historical sites are there near Red Square?
10. What are educational institutions of Moscow?
11. What library is the largest in Russia?
12. What parks are the most popular in Moscow?
13. What are the most famous Moscow Theatres?
14. What museums and galleries are popular among the visitors of Moscow?
15. Why has Moscow been the largest transport hub of Russia?
16. What is Moscow Metro known for?
17. What is the area and the population of Moscow?
18. Have you ever been to Moscow?
19. What places would you like to visit in Moscow?
5. Retell the text.
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