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5. Retell the text. 6. Read the following dialogue and act it out. 7. Read the text about foreign graduates from Oxbridge who became Nobel Prize laureates. Make questions and ask them each other.
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5. Retell the text.
6. Read the following dialogue and act it out.
Dialogue
- Hi, Mike. What do you think about studying at Oxford or Cambridge Universities?
- You see, Peter, Oxford and Cambridge are the Two Great Universities, admission there is very difficult and the study costs lot of money. But if a fellow gets admission, gets through, gets his degree – he’s made for life!
- Yes, you are right. The majority of the UK Prime Ministers, political leaders and leaders in public life are Oxbridge.
- And not only political leaders, Big Business men and all the other Bigs of the country mostly belong to the Oxbridge category.
- Do you know anything about the student’s life at Oxbridge?
- As I know an undergraduate at Oxford may have the time of his life! Two rooms: a bedroom and a sitting-room, comfortable and cozy. A scout makes his bed, cleans up, puts things in order. In the afternoon he can play the games and in the evening go out to a club or dances.
- It’s a “paradise” then.
- I’m afraid you forget that he does learn a great deal, sits for hours in the library, works till dark in the lab. He has to write an essay every week, read it to the tutor and discuss it with the group.
- No wonder, he leaves this “paradise” with a great amount of specific knowledge and a high standard of culture. I wish to study there.
- Fortune favours the brave.
7. Read the text about foreign graduates from Oxbridge who became Nobel Prize laureates. Make questions and ask them each other.
As two of the world’s top universities, it comes as no surprise that Oxford and Cambridge each have an extensive list of affiliated Nobel Prize winners, many of whom were attendees, researchers or academic staff. By this definition, Cambridge can claim 96 Nobel Prize winners, significantly more than Oxford. However, there are plenty of Nobel Prize winners who launched their careers by studying as graduates or post-graduates at Oxford or Cambridge too. Here are some of them:
Dorothy Hodgkin became the third woman to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964, for her work in developing protein crystallography. She is credited with advancing the technique of X-ray crystallography, a method used to determine the three-dimensional structures of biomolecules. Dorothy was born in Cairo to two archaeologists. She started studying Chemistry at Somerville College, Oxford, at the age of 18, and in 1932 she became the third woman to ever receive a first-class honours degree at the university.
Born in Lahore in 1910, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar was awarded a scholarship by the Government of India to pursue graduate studies in Trinity College Cambridge, having already achieved his bachelor’s degree in physics in Chennai. He would later earn his PhD at Cambridge too. Chandrasekhar was a highly influential astrophysicist and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics, with William A. Fowler, in 1983 for his work on the structure and evolution of stars. His work led to many of the best theoretical models of the late evolutionary stages of massive stars and black holes. The Chandrasekhar limit is a scientific term which describes the maximum mass of a stable white dwarf star.
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Abdus Salam was a Pakistani theoretical physicist who became the first Muslim to receive a Nobel Prize in science in 1979, shared with Sheldon Glashow and Steven Weinberg for his contribution to the electroweak unification theory. He was awarded a scholarship to St John’s College, Cambridge, in 1946, which he completed three years later, receiving a Double First-Class Honours in Mathematics and Physics. After a short spell at home, he returned to Cambridge to study for a PhD in Theoretical Physics. Salam rapidly attracted international attention for his work, and is considered a major figure in 20th century physics.
The son of award winning biochemist Hans Kosterlitz, J. Michael Kosterlitz
was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2016 for his work on condensed matter physics. He studied at both Oxford and Cambridge, earning a bachelor’s and master’s degree in the latter before going on to earn his Doctorate from Brasenose College, Oxford.
On the base of https: //varsity-education. ac/nobel-prize-winning-oxbridge-graduates/
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
1. Look at the following words and try to remember them:
| 1) encompass - 2) everglades - 3) soar(v) - 4) windswept - 5) usher(v) - 6) detriment- 7) spark (v) - 8) inception - 9) concept - 10) “Melting Pot” - 11) represent (v) - 12) swamp - 13) ancestor - 14) seek(v) - 15) depart (v) - 16) responsibility 17) the Chief Justice - 18) Associate Justice - 19) Justice - 20) appoint (v) - 21) district court - 22) jury - | включать, охватывать болотистая низменность, местами поросшая высокой травой парить незащищённый от ветра, открытый ветрам вводить; показывать места ущерб, вред разжигать начало, отправная точка понятие «Плавильный котёл» представлять болото предок, прародитель искать, разыскивать; пытаться найти отделяться ответственность верховный судья член суда суд (судебный процесс) назначать региональный суд присяжные |
2. Read and translate the text about The USA:
Stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific and encompassing more than 3. 79 million square miles, the United States of America has a remarkable diversity of landscapes and climates, including the Southern swamps and Everglades, the immense Great Lakes, the soaring Rocky Mountains, the windswept Great Plains, the arid deserts of the Southwest and over 12, 000 miles of coastline.
The nomadic ancestors of modern Native Americans began settling across the North American continent more than 10, 000 years before Christopher Columbus landed in the Bahamas in 1492, ushering in an era of European colonization of the New World. In the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, immigrants who came to America seeking economic opportunity or religious freedom struggled to build thriving communities in the uncharted wilderness, often to the detriment of indigenous peoples. By the 1770s, some 2. 5 million European colonists had settled in America. In 1776, those living in Great Britain’s 13 colonies declared their independence, sparking the Revolutionary War and transforming the United States of America into an autonomous nation. During the 19th and 20th centuries, 37 new states were added as the country expanded from coast to coast.
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Today the United States of America comprises 50 states and the federal district of Washington, D. C., each with its own geography, traditions and history. The largest state in the country is Alaska, and the smallest is Rhode Island. Thirteen states became part of the United States of America at its inception, while others entered the union at various stages of its history.
The USA boasts the largest economy on the planet. It is the world's leading producer of copper and steel and the world's second producer of oil, iron ore and coal. Among the most important manufacturing industries are aircraft, cars, textiles, armaments, metalworking, shipbuilding and timber processing.
The USA is home to 310 million people. Americans are made up from nearly all races and nations, including Africans, Chinese and Native Americans. The concept of the “Melting Pot” introduced in the beginning of the 20th century welcomed immigrants from all over the world to “melt” into Americans. Nowadays the immigration is not that extensive as the government controls it.
The United States is a parliamentary democracy and a federal union of 50 states. The seat of the central (federal) government is Washington, DC. According to the US Constitution adopted in 1787, the powers of the government are divided into 3 branches: the executive, headed by the President, the legislative, exercised by the Congress, and the judicial, represented by the Supreme Court. The Congress consists of two Houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate represents the states and the House represents the population according to its distribution throughout the states. The Congress seats in the Capitol.
Departing from the monarchical tradition of Britain, the founding fathers of the United States created a system in which the American people had the power and responsibility to select their leader. Elected every four years, the president of the United States leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the U. S. Armed Forces. Forty-three men have led the country during its 235-year history.
There are two main political parties in the USA: the Republican, symbolized by an Elephant, and the Democratic, symbolized by a Donkey. The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices appointed for life. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the US; there are about ninety district courts in different parts of the United States. American judicial practice is based on jury trials.
The national flag of the United States of America is called “Stars and Stripes” having 50 stars, a star for each state, and 13 stripes for 13 original states. The national emblem is the American Bald Eagle.
The largest cities in the USA are: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, San Francisco and others. California, Texas and New York are the most populous states.
On the base of https: //www. britannica. com/topic/flag-of-the-United-States-of-America
3. Find in the above text the English equivalents to the following Russian word combinations:
поразительное разнообразие, безводные пустыни, кочевой, коренные Американцы, североамериканский континент, период европейской колонизации, в поисках религиозной свободы, процветающие общины, неотмеченный на карте, местные жители, прочно обосноваться, разжечь войну, различные этапы, важные отрасли промышленности, лесопереработка, состоять из.., исполнительная власть, законодательная власть, судебная власть, Верховный суд, отцы-основатели, главные политические партии.
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4. Answer the questions:
1. When was America discovered?
2. Who discovered America?
3. When did the nomadic ancestors of modern Native Americans begin settling across the North American continent?
4. Where is the USA situated?
5. What countries does the USA border on?
6. How many states does the USA consist of?
7. What is the capital of the country?
8. What is the population of the United States?
9. What mountains in the USA do you know?
10. What can you say about the climate of the country?
11. What does the USA produce?
12. What are Americans as a nation?
13. How do you understand the concept of the “Melting Pot”?
14. What is the political structure of the USA?
15. What is the division of the powers of the government according to the US Constitution?
16. How many Houses does the Congress of the USA consist of? What are they?
17. What are the main political parties in the USA?
18. How often is the President elected?
19. Who is the US President now?
20. What is the highest court in the country and what does it consist of?
21. How many stars and stripes are there on the US national flag? Why?
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