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People who changed the world
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1. Look at the following words and try to remember them:
1) apprenticeship – стажировка
2) bookbinder – переплетчик
3) avid – жадный
4) rudimentary – элементарный
5) to be appointed – назначенный
6) equipment – оборудование
7) burner – горелка
8) accessible – доступный
9) a continuous source – непрерывный источник
10) influential – влиятельный
11) explosion – взрыв
12) investigated – исследуемый
13) water quality – качество воды
14) lighthouse – маяк
15) weapon – оружие
16) religious convictions – религиозные взгляды
17) to deteriorate – ухудшать
18) lodging – временное жилье
19) recognition – признание
20) contribution – вклад
2. Read and translate the text about one of the greatest British scientist Michael Faraday:
It is impossible to imagine our modern life without electricity. All modern devices and gadgets that people use daily would be useless without it. It was Michael Faraday (1791-1867), an influential British scientist, who amongst other discoveries helped turn electricity into a property that could be easily used.
M. Faraday was born on 22 September 1791 in south London in relatively poor family. At the age of 14 he left school and started an apprenticeship at a local bookbinder. In his spare time he was an avid reader, teaching himself many scientific concepts. Faraday was thus mostly self-taught and became one of the greatest scientists despite his rudimentary Maths.
In 1812 at the age of 20 he received some tickets for a series of lectures by the eminent scientist Humphrey Davy. After the lecture, Michael sent Davy a 300-page document offering notes on the lectures. Davy was impressed and he employed Faraday as an assistant. This later led him to a Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, a position to which he was appointed for life.
His early work was centered on chemistry. He made a special study of Chlorine and new chlorides of carbon. Faraday was a great practical inventor and one of the most useful pieces of chemistry equipment he developed was an early form of the Bunsen burner. By mixing air with gas before lighting, Faraday found an easily accessible form of higher temperature. His model of the Bunsen burner was developed and is still used in laboratories around the world.
Faraday’s greatest achievement was in the development of electromagnetism and electricity. Though people already knew of electricity, it was Faraday who played a pivotal role in providing a continuous source of electricity. He did this through his electro-magnetic rotation model of 1821. Later he was able to develop the first electric dynamo; his theories of electromagnetism proved influential in the new electricity industry of the nineteenth century.
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As well as being a prominent scientist, Faraday also undertook other projects related to science. For example, after a large explosion in a coal mine in County Durham 1865, he along with Charles Lyell, produced a report on the dangers of coal dust. He offered practical recommendations which, unfortunately, were not acted upon until after another coal tragedy in 1913. Faraday also investigated levels of pollution in the River Thames and in London, offering recommendations to improve the city’s air and water quality. His other areas of interest included designing lighthouses and protecting ships from corrosion.
As well as being an expert scientist, Faraday had the common touch to teach science through his popular lectures. Using wit and humor, Faraday energized the audience with experiments, demonstrations and encouraging them to think about the significance of the scientific results they could see all around. Between 1827 and 1860 Faraday gave Christmas Lectures to a young audience at the Royal Institution in London. This tradition is continued today.
Faraday had strong religious convictions. His religious beliefs influenced his work and he was keen to show the unity of God and nature through his scientific discoveries. His religious beliefs may have been a reason why he refused the British government’s request that he develop chemical weapons for the Crimean war.
Faraday married Sarah Barnard, who he met through his church, on 12 June 1821. They had no children. In the early 1840s, Faraday’s health began to deteriorate and he began to do less research. He died on 25 August 1867 at Hampton Court, where he had been given official lodgings in recognition of his contribution to science.
On the base of https: //www. biographyonline. net/scientists/michael-faraday. html
3. Find in the above text the English equivalents to the following Russian word combinations:
влиятельный ученый; легко использовать; проходить стажировку; свободное время; обучаться самому; самообразованный; именитый ученый; назначен пожизненно; первые научные труды; бунзеновская горелка; величайшее достижение; электромагнетизм и электричество; ключевая роль; постоянный источник электричества; оказать влияние; доступно обучать науке; практические рекомендации; уровень загрязнения; улучшить качество городской воды и воздуха; заражать аудиторию; химическое оружие; вклад в науку.
4. Answer the questions:
1. What is M. Faraday famous for?
2. When and where was he born?
3. What education did he get?
4. What happened to Faraday when he was 20?
5. What position did he have at Royal Institution of Great Britain?
6. What was his early work centered on?
7. What piece of chemical equipment did he develop?
8. What was Faraday’s greatest achievement?
9. What other projects related to science did Faraday also undertake?
10. How did Faraday give his lectures?
11. Why did Faraday refuse the British government’s request to develop chemical weapons for the Crimean war?
12. Did he do much research at the end of his life?
13. What contribution did Michael Faraday do to the science?
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