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Translate the sentences paying attention to the words in italics.
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A. 1. It is common practice to use a human being as one of the links in the chain of elements of a control system. 2. That semiconductor device is more efficient than the one under consideration. 3. One should mind the conditions the instrument is designed for. 4. One solution is trivial. To see the more interesting one, we utilize vector identities, which work for any vector. 5. If one looks carefully at some of the implementations of cluster methods, one discovers that the classificatory system is represented inside the computer by one of the more conventional file structures. 6. One novel approach to solving this problem involves the use of an orthogonally persistent operating system. 7. A malignant virus is one that attempts to inflict malicious damage to your computer, although the damage may not be intentional. 8. To show the relationship between two variables, one can plot the value of the one variable against the value of the other variable. 9. It is better to select one proposal and get on with the job rather than to continue the discussion. 10. One would think that the better participants are prepared ahead of time the better the meeting will be.
B. 1. It was easy for him to prepare for his report for he had all the necessary material. 2. The amplification may be applied to the radio-frequency currents before detection, in which case it is called radio-frequency amplification; or it may be applied to the rectified currents after detection, which is called audio-frequency amplification. 3. Planning gives you a path to follow. It makes your future what you want it to be. 4. It is important to establish realistic goals with a sound methodology for achieving them. 5. It is quality that every car maker strives for. 6. It is difficult to machine a porous metal surface. 7. It is these properties that are the most important. 8. It seems that the engine is out of order. 9. The ionic character of the salt is reduced to the extent that it is moderately soluble in the benzene alcohol solvent. 10. This picture is useful but it can hardly be said to account completely for the properties of rubber.
C. 1. Since each object is a self-contained entity, you can move and change its properties. 2. As the electrode gap decreased, bond strength increased. 3. It was easy for him to prepare for his report for he had all the necessary material. 4. There are a lot of good modern braking systems. Yet research goes on, and the latest brake systems provide enhanced performance and greater reliability. 5. Because of the compact crystalline structure and the dense fluorine atoms, PTFE is the heaviest polymer material with a density of 2.1 g/cm3. 6. They provide some protection from online intrusion, but since they allow some applications (e.g. web browsers) to connect to the Internet, they don't protect against some unpatched vulnerabilities in these applications. 7. As shown in the figure, the length of the explosive-containing PVC pipe was taken to be equal to the length of the steel tube with top and bottom plugs. 8. The research on the explosive compaction is expressed by these parameters, because these parameters are easy to understand. 9. Although, magnetic properties have yet to be further improved, this study provides a step forward in illustrating this phenomenon. 10. The kite flies, for it exposes its flat surface at an angle against the wind.
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РАЗДЕЛ III. ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ ТРУДНОСТИ ПЕРЕВОДА
UNIT I. СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ
Focus on rule
1. Времена страдательного залога образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в необходимой форме и смыслового глагола в форме Participle II.
| Simple | Continuous | Perfect | |
| Present | This problem is much spoken about. | This matter is still being considered. | New technique has been developed. |
| Past | His question wasn’t answered. | Every effort was being made to achieve the goal. | The research had been finished by the end of 2015. |
| Future | Goods will be inspected for quality. | --- | In the next 10 years full equality will have been achieved. |
2. Сказуемое в страдательном залоге переводится:
а) глаголом «быть» (в прошедшем и будущем времени) и краткой формой причастия страдательного залога
The model is tested in laboratories. – Модель протестирована в лабораториях.
The law of conservation of matter was discovered by Lomonosov. – Закон сохранения энергии был открыт Ломоносовым.
б) глаголом с окончанием -ся, -сь
The liquid fuel is gradually injected into the cylinder. – Жидкое топливо постепенно впрыскивается в цилиндр.
в) глаголом действительного залога (при наличии дополнения с предлогом by)
I was helped by my supervisor. – Мой научный руководитель помог мне.
г) неопределенно-личным оборотом с глаголом в действительном залоге в 3-м лице множественного числа
The article was discussed at the conference. – Статью обсуждали на конференции.
3. Подлежащее при сказуемом в страдательном залоге переводится:
а) существительным (местоимением) в именительном падеже
The article will be finished soon. – Статья будет скоро закончена.
б) существительным (местоимением) в винительном или дательном падеже без предлога
He was seen in the laboratory. – Его видели в лаборатории.
He was sent all the necessary equipment. – Ему послали все необходимое оборудование.
в) существительным (местоимением) в любом косвенном падеже с предлогом
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An engineer was sent for. – За инженером послали.
This article is often referred to. – На эту статью часто ссылаются.
4. Некоторые глаголы, требующие дополнения без предлога в английском языке, переводятся на русский глаголами, требующими дополнения с предлогом: address – обращаться к, affect – воздействовать на, answer – отвечать на, approach – подходить к, attack – нападать на (рассматривать), attend – присутствовать на, follow – следовать за, influence – влиять на, join – присоединять(ся) к, penetrate – проникать в, succeed – следовать за, watch – наблюдать за и др. При переводе подобных глаголов предлог ставится перед словом, являющимся в английском предложении подлежащим.
This question was not answered. – На этот вопрос не ответили.
5. Некоторые глаголы в английском языке требуют дополнения с предлогом: account for – объяснять, учитывать; agree upon – договориться, условиться; arrive at – приходить (к решению); bring about – вызывать, осуществлять; comment on – комментировать, толковать; deal with – рассматривать, заниматься, касаться; depart from – отклонять, уклоняться; do away with – покончить с, отказаться от; insist on (upon) – настаивать на; listen to – слушать; refer to – ссылаться на, упоминать о; rely on (upon) – полагаться на; send for – посылать за; speak (talk) about – говорить о; subject to – подвергать (действию); think about (of) – думать о; touch on (upon) – затрагивать, касаться и др.
Предлог, стоящий после глагола в пассивном залоге, при переводе на русский язык ставится перед тем словом, которое в английском предложении является подлежащим.
This method can be relied upon. – На этот метод можно положиться.
Focus on practice
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