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Text A. Work of an In-patient Department
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When patients are admitted to the hospital first of all they are received by a nurse on duty1 at the reception ward.
Those patients who are to be hospitalized have already received the direction from the polyclinic. The nurse on duty fills in patients' case histories in which she writes down their names, age, place of work, occupation, address and the initial diagnosis made by a doctor at the polyclinic.
Then a doctor on duty examines the hospitalized patients and gives his instructions what department and wards the patients are to be admitted to.
At the in-patient departments of a hospital life begins early in the morning. The nurses on duty take the patients' temperature, give them intramuscular and intravenous injections, take stomach juice for analysis, apply cups and give all the prescribed remedies in the doses indicated by the ward doctors.
The nurses keep all the drugs in special drug cabinets.2 All the drugs have special labels (этикетки). The names of drugs are indicated on them. Patients are not allowed to take the medicines themselves because some drugs are poisonous, the overdosage of some other drugs may cause unfavourable reactions and even death.
At about nine o'clock in the morning the doctors begin the daily rounds of the wards during which they examine all the patients. After the medical examination the doctors administer the patients different procedures: electrocardiograms are taken, laboratory analyses of blood, urine and gastric juice are made. Some patients are administered a bed regimen, others are allowed to walk; some are to follow a diet to relieve stomachache or prevent unfavourable results in case of stomach troubles. All the doctors always treat the patients with great attention and care. There is no doubt that such a hearty attitude of the doctors to the patients helps much in their recovery.
Notes
1. a nurse (a doctor) on duty—дежурная(ый) сестра (врач); to be on duty — дежурить, быть дежурным
2. a drug cabinet — шкаф для лекарства, аптечный шкаф
XI. Use the active vocabulary of the lesson instead of the following:
1. to advise and order the patient some medicine; 2. to produce; 3. to put cups; 4. a definite amount of the drug; 5. to stop the spread of inflammation; 6. a toxic medicine; 7. to make the pain less; 8. to be allowed and used.
XII. Choose the sentences corresponding to Text A:
1. a) At the in-patient department the nurses give the patients intramuscular and intravenous injections, b) At the in-patient department the ward doctors give the patients intramuscular and intravenous injections. 2. a) Some patients are to follow a diet to decrease weight, b) Some patients are to follow a diet to relieve stomachache. 3. a) The overdosage of some drugs may cause a considerable change in the white blood cell count, b) The overdosage of some drugs may cause unfavourable reactions.
XIII. Read the passages and answer the questions:
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1. Patient Ivanov was treated at the hospital. His temperature was taken every morning. He was given the prescribed medicine and the intramuscular injection of vitamin Be. Who carried out the administrations?
2. My sister has a high temperature. Her blood analysis shows a considerable increase of the white blood cell count. Her first and second heart sounds are greatly decreased. Her electrocardiogram shows abnormal findings. Where must she be treated?
XIV. Make up the sentences corresponding to the Russian ones, out of the words given in brackets:
1. Ядовитые лекарства могут вызывать неблагоприятные реакции, (reactions, poisonous, drugs, unfavourable, cause, may) 2. Названия лекарств указываются на этикетках, (on, the, of, names, medicines, the, labels, are, indicated) 3. Назначенное лекарство не снимало боль в загрудинной области, (in, area, the, administered, the, drug, failed, substernal, pain, to relieve, the).
XV. Find the sentences in which 'if is translated as 'если' and then — as particle 'ли':
1. The surgeon asked the patient if he had been operated on the year before 2. If you have a sore throat you must gargle it several times a day. 3.1 shall investigate this case again if the findings are not clear. 4.1 asked the nurse if all the findings were clear.
XVI. Read Text В and entitle it:
As soon as the patient is admitted to the in-patient department the ward doctor fills in the patient's case history. It must include the information about the patient's parents — if they are living or not. If they died, the doctor must know at what age and of what causes they died. The doctor must know if any of the family has ever been ill with tuberculosis or has had any mental or emotional impairments. This information composes the family history.
The patient's medical history must include the information about the diseases which the patient had both being a child and an adult, about the operations which were performed, about any traumas he had. The patient's blood group and his sensitivity to antibiotics must be determined and the obtained information written down in the case history. These findings compose the past history.
The attending doctor (лечащий врач) must know what the patient's complaints and symptoms are. He must know how long and how often the patient has had these complaints.
The information on the physical examination of the patient on his admission to the hospital, the results of all the laboratory tests and X-ray examinations, the description of the course of the disease with any changes in the symptoms and the condition of the patient, the administered medicines in their exact doses and the produced effect of the treatment—all these findings which compose the history of the present illness must always be written down in the case history.
The case history must always be written very accurately and consist of exact and complete information.
LESSON 31
HOME ASSIGNMENTS
1. Прочтите предложения по колонкам. Ответьте на вопросы:
а)... a) Reading is useful.
б)... б) I like his rapidly reading.
в)... в) His favourite occupation is reading.
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r) The reading man is my friend, г) I like your idea of reading this book.
2. The man reading a book is my friend.
д) Reading a book I did not д) After reading I began to write a letter.
hear when she came in.
е) Не stood nearby reading a book, e) We cannot gain knowledge without
Reading.
I. * Знакома ли вам форма на ing в предложениях 'г, д, е 'левой колонки, как она называется и как переводится на русский язык? 2* Какими членами предложения являются эти ing-forms в предложениях 'г, д, е 'левой колонки? 3.* Знакомы ли вам ing-forms во всех предложениях правой колонки, какими частями речи их можно перевести? 4. Есть ли подобная неличная форма в русском языке? 5. Определите синтаксические функции герундия во всех предложениях правой колонки. 6. Сравните правую и левую колонки. Какими синтаксическими функциями отличается герундий от причастия? 7. Какие общие синтаксические функции выполняют герундий и причастие? 8. Какой формальный признак отличает герундий от причастия в этих общих синтаксических функциях? 9. Как переводится герундий на русский язык? 10. Чем определяется герундий? (см. стр. 295)
II. Переведите следующие предложения:
1. The scientist continued investigating the properties of blood gases. 2. Your rapid recovery depends on properly following the administered treatment. 3. He works on determining the increase of white blood cells in this disease: 4. In making observations particular care to obtain exact findings is necessary.
III. * Определите, в каких из следующих предложений употреблен герундий. Переведите эти предложения:
1. His bad condition prevented him from attending the lecture in Microbiology. 2. The microorganisms invading the human body are able to develop an infection. 3. The process of growth is due to the increasing number of cells. 4. The patient had to give up going in for sports because of the disease of the joints. 5. It is no use extending our investigations as the nature of this phenomenon has become clear.
IV. Прочтите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные слова:
1. Reading books is useful. The reading of books is useful.
2. His reading rapidly is not A good reading is always understandable.
always understandable.
3. ------ Human beings cannot live without oxygen.
1.* Чем являются ing-forms в предложениях левой колонки? 2* Какой вы можете сделать вывод из сравнения ing-forms: а) в первых предложениях левой и правой колонки? б) во вторых предложениях левой и правой колонки? 3.* В каком числе стоит ing-form в третьем предложении правой колонки? 4. К какой неличной форме вы могли бы отнести ing-forms в предложениях правой колонки?
* Определите и объясните, в каких предложениях 'ing-form' является отглагольным существительным:
1. The surgeon started performing the operation on the colon. 2. The physician started the examining of the patient with bronchitis. 3. Leaving the hospital without the doctor's order is impossible. 4. His rapid leaving of the city was due to his mother's disease.
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Прочтите следующие предложения. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. Treating patients with lobar pneumonia is necessary at the in-patient department. 2. He wants being treated at the in-patient department. 3. The physician remembers having treated this patient. 4.1 remember having been treated for pneumonia at this hospital.
1.* Определите синтаксические функции ing-forms и назовите эти формы. 2* От каких инфинитивов образован герундий в каждом предложении? 3.* Назовите форму герундия в каждом предложении, помня о том, от какого инфинитива он образован. 4.* Переведите эти предложения. 5. Какое действие показывает герундий формы Indefinite в 1-м и 2-м предложениях по отношению к действию, выраженному сказуемым? 6. Какое действие показывает герундий формы Perfect в 3-м и 4-м предложениях по отношению к действию, выраженному сказуемым? 7. Как переводится герундий во 2-м—4-м пред ложениях?
Выполните следующие задания и ответьте на вопросы: (см. таблицу 24, стр. 294)
1.* Вспомните, как образуется причастие настоящего времени, я определите, от каких инфинитивов образованы следующие причастия: asking, being asked. 2. В какой временной группе употреблены эти причастия? Дайте их перевод. 3.* Определите, от каких инфинитивов образованы следующие причастия: having asked, having been asked. 4. В какой временной группе употреблены эти причастия? Дайте их перевод. 5. Определите залог следующих пар причастий на основании известных вам инфинитивов: asking, having asked; being asked, having been asked, (см. таблицу 24)
От данных инфинитивов напишите соответствующие герундий и причастие:
to take, to have extended, to be sent, to have been founded
От данных глаголов напишите инфинитивы (Indefinite Active и Passive, Perfect Active и Passive), а затем — причастия и герундия от полученных инфинитивов:
investigate, bring
* Определите формы герундия и переведите предложения:
1. After having been told the results of the X-ray examination the physician wrote them down in the patient's case history. 2.1 don't like being read to, I like reading myself. 3. The patient was thankful to the doctor for his having been so attentive to him. 4. No physician can make a proper diagnosis without having examined the patient.
* Переведите предложения, определив формы причастий:
1. Having investigated the patient's past history the physician drew the conclusion that the patient was sensitive to antibiotics. 2. Having been treated for a prolonged period of time the patient began to feel better. 3. Being asked some questions about the attack of the cardiac pain the patient stated that it was particularly acute on physical exertion.
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CLASS ASSIGNMENTS
Give all known to you gerund forms of the verbs and translate them:
to prevent, to buy, to restore
Give all known to you participles and translate them:
to divide, to include, to increase, to indicate
Define ing-forms. Translate the sentences:
1. His being sent to the Congress of Anatomists was useful to him. 2.1 remember having been reported this interesting case. 3. On having received the necessary findings of our experiments we summarized them in the article published recently. 4. The initial diagnosis must be made before the patient's being directed to the in-patient department.
Choose the appropriate participle from those given in brackets. Translate the sentences:
1.... the necessary fluid we could continue our experiments, (having obtained; having been obtained; being obtained) 2.... for a prolonged period of time the patient made a complete recovery, (being treated; having been treated; having treated) 3.... by the physician the patient was complaining of an acute pain in the substernal area, (having been examined; being examined; having examined)
Choose the appropriate gerund from those given in brackets. Translate the sentences:
1. The results of the treatment of the patient depend on his... in time, (having been operated on; being operated on; having operated on; operating) 2. I want my electrocardiogram... by 3 o'clock, (being taken; having been taken; taking; having taken)
1. Read Text C. 2. What do paragraphs two and three deal with? 3. Find and translate the sentences with gerunds. 4. Put questions to the text:
Text C. At a Chemist's1
As you know on receiving a prescription from a doctor or on following a home treatment all of us need medicines which are ordered or bought at a chemist's.
There are usually two departments in a large chemist's. At the chemist's department2 one can have the medicine immediately, other drugs have to be ordered at the prescription department.3
At any chemist's all the drugs are kept in drug cabinets. Every small bottle (бутылка), a tube or a box of medicine has a label on it. White labels indicate drugs for internal use, yellow ones indicate drugs for external use and blue ones indicate drugs used for injections. The dose to be Jaken and the directions for the administration are also indicated on a label. Indicating the dose and the name of any medicine is necessary for chemists, nurses, doctors and patients themselves. It prevents confusing (to confuse— путать) different remedies, some of which are poisonous. Their overdosage may cause unfavourable reactions and sometimes even death.
At a chemist's one can buy different drugs for intramuscular and intravenous injections, for oral administration and for external use.
Before using the medicine the patient must know well that he is taking the proper drug and in the necessary dosage.
Notes
1. a chemist's (shop) — аптека
2. a chemist's department — отдел готовых лекарственных средств
3. a prescription department — рецептурный отдел
XVIII. Read the passages and answer the questions:
Yesterday my mother went to the chemist's in Kirov street and bought a small box of medicine with a blue label on it.
Yesterday my friend was at the chemist's and ordered the medicine at the prescription department. In an hour he received a small bottle with a white label on it. Which of them had the medicine for injections?
Last month my sister was admitted to the in-patient department of our city hospital because she was ill with an acute form of lobar pneumonia. She was treated with intramuscular injections of antibiotics.
Last month I fell ill with lobar pneumonia. We called in a doctor who prescribed to me home treatment. Every day the nurse came to give me intrajnuscular injections of antibiotics. Which of them had to order the medicine at the chemist's?
LESSON 32
HOME ASSIGNMENTS
I. Напишите по два прилагательных при помощи суффиксов Mess' и '-ful'. Переведите их:
pain, use, rest, hope, help, harm
II. Определите префиксы в словах и переведите их:
disappear, intravenous, subcutaneous, intercostal, overestimate, subdivide
III. * Замените придаточные предложения герундиями:
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1. The physician remembered that he had treated such a case of bronchitis. 2. We are interested how moist rales are determined in case of pneumonia. 3.1 don't mind if you will operate on me.
IV. * Откройте скобки, употребив нужные формы причастий:
1. (То make) the discovery of filterable viruses Dmitry Ivanovsky determined the cause of the tobacco mosaic disease. 2. The book "The Anatomy of Cardiac Blood Vessels" (to compose) by S. Samoylova after her numerous investigations was published in 1970. 3. On having performed the operation the surgeon must carry out all the procedures (to prevent) from the infection. 4. (To relieve) of all the painful symptoms the male patient fell asleep.
V. * Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод стоящих перед герундием предлогов:
1. On changing the administered treatment the physician considered that the patient's condition would become better. 2. In making scientific observations one must be particularly careful. 3. Cardiac impairments are revealed by taking electrocardiograms. 4. Blood cannot be transfused without its group being determined first.
VI. 1. Прочтите и переведите текст D, пользуясь словарем. 2. Выпишите неправильные глаголы и дайте их 3 формы. 3. Выучите выделенные слова и выражения. 4. Передайте содержание текста:
TextD
I went to my medical man. He is my old friend. He feels my pulse, and looks at my tongue, and talks about the weather, when I consider that I am ill. I thought I Would do him a good turn by going to him now. "What a doctor wants," I said, "is practice. He shall have me. He will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred patients with only one or two diseases each." So I went to him and saw him, and he said, "Well, what's the matter with you?" I said, "I will not take up your time, dear boy, with telling you what is the matter with me. But I will tell you what is not the matter with me. I have not got housemaid's knee.1 Why I have not got housemaid's knee, I cannot tell you; but the fact is that I have not got it. Everything else, however, I have got."
And I told him how I came to discover it all.
Then he opened me and looked down me2 and clutched hold of my wrist3 and then he hit me over the chest when I wasn't expecting it, and immediately afterwards butted me with the side of his head. After that, he sat down and wrote out a prescription and gave it to me, and I put it in my pocket and went out.
I did not open the prescription. I took it to the nearest chemist's and handed it in. The man read it, and then handed it back.
He said he did not keep it.
I said, "You are a chemist?"
He said, "I am a chemist. If I was a co-operative store and family hotel combined, I might be able to give you such a remedy."
Then I read the prescription. It ran:
"1 lb beefsteak with
1 pint bitter beer
every six hours
1 ten-mile walk every morning
1 bed at 11 sharp every night.
And don't stuff up your head with things you don't understand."
I followed the directions with the happy result — speaking for myself — that my life was preserved and is still going on.
(Excerpt from "Three Men in a Boat" by Jerome K.. Jerome)
Notes
1. housemaid's knee — воспаление колеииой чашечки
2. he opened me and looked down me — зд. ои расстегнул меня и осмотрел сверху донизу
3. clutched hold of my wrist — схватил меня за запястье
CLASS ASSIGNMENTS
VII. Translate the following word combinations:
1. я пошел в стационар; он ходит в аптеку; он только что ушел в поликлинику; 2. врач прощупал пульс; я чувствую себя хорошо; испытываемая боль; 3. снять электрокардиограмму; сестра измерила температуру; сестра только что взяла у меня кровь для анализа; 4. врач выписывает рецепты; вчера врач выписал рецеты этому больному; врач только что выписал мне рецепт на микстуру.
VIII. Choose the appropriate verb. Translate the sentences:
1. When does the physician (expect, wait for) to discharge this patient from the hospital? 2. Please (wait for, expect) the doctor a little. He will be back soon. 3. The scientist (expected, waited for) that his investigations would enable him to determine the origin of the infectious process.
IX. Translate the following sentences with gerundial constructions:
1. Mother expected my being examined by this neurologist. 2. Mine Curie's having discovered radium enabled her to isolate other radioactive elements. 3. In spite of not having any university education Faraday made his great discoveries. 4. I heard of his being sent to the Congress of Physiologists in Leningrad.
X. Read and translate the medical terms:
aetiology [,i:ti'olad3i], pathogenesis [,pae0o'd3enisis], mechanism ['mekanizm], visual ['vizjual], palpation [раеГре/(э)п], percussion [рэ:кдГп], auscultation [,o:skal'tei/n], cystoscopy [sis'toskapi], edema [i'di:ma], haemorrhage [lhemarid3], objective [ab'd3ektiv], subjective [sAb'dgektiv]
XI. 1. Read Text E using a dictionary. 2. Memorize the words in bold type. 3. Be ready to answer the questions on the text:
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