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Unit 1. The diseases of the respiratory tract
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Грамматика: Времена группы Perfect Continuous.
LESSON 34
HOME ASSIGNMENTS
I. Ответьте на вопросы: (см. §15)
I. Назовите формулу времен группы Continuous 2. Поставьте глагол to be в этой формуле в Perfect и скажите, формула какой группы времен у вас получилась 3. Какой вспомогательный глагол изменяется по временам в этой формуле? Как называются такие времена? 4. Прочтите примеры и скажите, какое действие показывает глагол в Perfect Continuous, и когда это действие происходив? 5. Как переводится глагол во временах группы Perfect Continuous?
I have been examining the patient for half an hour.
Я обследую этого больного (уже) полчаса.
I had been examining the patient for half an hour when you came.
Я обследовал больного (уже) полчаса, когда вы пришли.
II. * Найдите сказуемые, назовите формулу, по которой они образованы. Предложения переведите:
1. The patient has been making a slow recovery for a month. 2 We shall have been investigating this case for three weeks by the end of the year 3 The patient had been coughing for a month by the time he was admitted to the hospital.
III. Перепишите пары предложений, подчеркните сказуемые и определите, в чем их различие. Предложения переведите:
1 a) I am waiting for the findings of my blood analysis 6) I have been waiting for the findings of my blood analysis for an hour 2. a) Dry rales are disappearing slowly 6) Dry rales have been disappearing during this week. 3. a) The nurse is giving the injections. 6) The nurse has been giving the injections for two hours.
IV. Напишите вопросы к выделенным членам предложения:
1. My mother has been suffering from a bad pain in the substernal area for three hours. 2 The patient had been complaining of a considerable muscular pain before he was admitted to the hospital. 3 By 3 o'clock the professor will have been delivering the lecture for half an hour
V. Запомните чтение следующих слов. Найдите их перевод ниже: lobular ['bbjuta], focus ffoukas] pi foci ['fousai], cyanosis [.sara'nousis],
bronchiole ['brorjkioul], crepitation [,krepi'teifn], diffnse [di'fju:s], differentiate [,dif3'renjieit], pleurisy ['pluarisi]
дифференцировать; бронхиола, крепитация, хруст, потрескивание, плеврит, цианоз, синюшность, очаг (очаги); дольчатый; дольковый; лобулярный, диффузный, разлитой
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VI. Выучите следующие слова:
gradually ['graedjuali] adv постепенно, последовательно improve [im'pruv] v улучшаться
accompany [э'клтрэш] v сопро вождать, сопутствовать occlusion [э'к1и:з(э)п] п закупорка purulent ['pjuarubnt] а гнойный, гноящийся sputum ['spju:tam] п мокрота accelerate [aek'sebreit] v ускорять(ся), учащать(ся) reduce [ri'dju:s] v понижать, ослаблять, уменьшать dullness ['dvlnis] п тупость, приглушение spleen [splirn] п селезенка
enlarge [in'la:d3] и увеличивать(ся), расширять(ся), разрастать(ся) sign [sain] п признак, симптом
intensity [in'tensiti] п напряженность, сила, яркость, плотность shadow ['Jaedou] п тень, v затемнять
severe [si'via] а резкий, сильный, тяжелый, серьезный (о болезни) unit [*ju:nit] п единица, единица измерения, отделение
VII Прочтите и переведите следующие слова и словосочетания: 1. occlusion [э'к1и:з(э)п] the occlusion of the artery, the occlusion of the small intestine, to reveal the intestine occlusion,
sputum fspjurtam] purulent sputum, thick sputum, the analysis of the sputum failed to reveal cellular elements,
sign [sain] abnormal signs, the signs of the disease, these signs indicated the presence of inflammation,
severe [si'via] a severe form of the disease, a severe inflammation, to suffer from a severe cardiovascular disease, to suffer a severe form of the grippe.
VIII Переведите следующие однокоренные слова:
appear, appearing, appeared, appearance, disappear, disappearance, reduce, reduced, reducing, reduction; large, enlarge, enlarged, enlarging, enlargement, improve, improving, improved, improvement, intensity, intensive, inten-sively, intensify
IX. * Закончите следующие предложения, выбрав нужный по смыслу вариант окончания:
1. The spleen is the organ (a) located in the left side of the abdominal cavity behind the stomach; 6) located m the right side of the thoracic cavity behind the lung) 2. urulent sputum (a) never contains any microorganisms; 6) always contains some microorganisms) 3. The patient with severe form of pneumonia (a) was allowed to attend the treatment at the polyclinic, 6) was admitted to the inpatient therapeutic department of the hospital)
X. 1. Прочтите текст A. 2. Найдите предложения, в которых употребляется одно из времен группы Perfect Continuous, переведите их. 3. Напишите план текста. 4. Подготовьте.ответы на вопросы по тексту. 5. Выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний: в пределах; при глубоком вдохе; поступить в больницу; по всему лёгкому; тяжелая форма пневмонии.
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Text A. Lobular Pneumonia
Patient Smirnov aged 48 was admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of lobular pneumonia. He had been developing lobular pneumonia gradually. A week before the admission to the hospital he had had bronchitis after which his condition did not improve.
Fever had an irregular course and the temperature changes were caused by the appearance of the new foci of inflammation in the pulmonary tissue. Fever had been persisting for two weeks and had been decreasing gradually.
The patient's breathing was rapid with 30-40 respirations per minute. There was breathlessness and cyanosis of the face associated with the accompanying bronchitis, decrease in the respiratory surface and occlusion of numerous bronchioles and alveoli.
The patient complained of the pain in the chest particularly on deep breathing in and cough with purulent sputum. The pulse rate was accelerated and the arterial pressure was reduced.
On physical examination dullness in the left lung, abnormal respiration, numerous rales and crepitation were revealed. Dry rales caused by diffuse bronchitis were heard all over the lungs. The liver and spleen were not enlarged. The examination of the organs of the alimentary tract failed to reveal any abnormal signs but the tongue was coated.
The blood analysis revealed leucocytosis in the range of 12,000 to 15,000 per cu mm of blood and an accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
The urine contained a small amount of protein and erythrocytes. The X-ray examination of the lungs revealed numerous foci of inflammation of various size, irregular form and different intensity. Shadowing was particularly marked at the root of the left lung due to the enlargement of the lymphatic glands.
It was a severe form of lobular pneumonia which was difficult to differentiate from pulmonary tuberculosis and pleurisy. Yet the physician made a correct diagnosis.
CLASS ASSIGNMENTS
XI. Form and translate the nouns:
a) -ment: develop, improve, accompany, enlarge, impair,
b) -ness: dull, clear, complete, breathless, ill;
c) -ance (-ence): appear, enter, exist, occur, persist
XII. Define the tense of the verbs. Translate the sentences:
1. Although the patient had been receiving the injections of streptomycin for several days she showed little improvement. 2. The red blood cell count has been gradually returning to normal as the patient is being given blood transfusions. 3. My friend will have been living in Moscow for a month when I come there.
XIII. Use the verbs in brackets in the appropriate tense:
1. As fever (to persist) for about three weeks the patient's condition is very poor. 2. The researcher (to investigate) the origin of the inflammation for about a week before he drew a definite conclusion. 3. Some symptoms of the vascular impairment of the brain (to develop) gradually for some time before they became clearly marked.
XIV. Choose the statements corresponding to Text A:
1. a) Dry rales caused by diffuse bronchitis were heard all over the lungs, b) Moist rales produced by pleurisy were heard all over the lungs. 2. a) The examination of the organs of the alimentary tract failed to reveal any abnormal signs, b) The examination of the organs of the cardiovascular astern revealed the signs of the heart impairment.
XV. Choose the appropriate word from those given in brackets. Translate the sentences:
1.(Dry, moist) rales were caused by diffuse bronchitis. 2. The shadow at the base of the left lung was particularly marked due to the (enlargement, decrease) of the lymphatic glands. 3. (Mild, severe) forms of lobular pneumonia are difficult to differentiate from pulmonary tuberculosis and pleurisy. 4. Luminal and bromide were prescribed to the patient (to improve, to impair) his sleep.
XVI. Answer the following questions:
1. Where is the spleen located? 2. In what cases may me spleen be enlarged? 3. What does purulent sputum always contain? 4. Where is a patient with a severe form of pneumonia admitted to? 5. When does the pulse rate accelerate? 6. In what disease may a shadow in the lungs be revealed? 7. What unit of blood pressure is used in medicine? 8. What temperature is a severe form of lobular pneumonia usually accompanied by? 9. What particular signs is bronchitis accompanied by? 10. What treatment must a patient follow to improve his state in case of bronchitis?
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XVII. 1. Read Text B. 2. What have you learned about the treatment of pneumonia from the text?
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