Неопределенные местонмення
а) some несколько, некоторые; некоторое количество употребляется в утвердительных предложениях:
I have some books. У меня есть несколько книг.
б) any сколько-нибудь, какие-нибудь употребляется в Вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях:
Have you any books? I have not any books.
У вас есть какие-нибудь книги? У меня нет никаких книг.
в) по никакой употребляется для образования отрицания, но глагол в этом случае всегда стоит в утвердительной форме:
I ha ve no books. У меня нет (никаких) книг.
Примечание. В утвердительном предложении местоимение any переводится любой (-ая, -ое, -ые): You may take any book.
Местоимение some, any, every и их производные
В утвердительных предложениях
| В
вопросительных предложениях
| В отрицательных предложениях
| В предложениях всех видов
|
|
| some
| any
| any
| not... any
| no
| every
|
о вещах
| thing
| something
что-то что-нибудь
| anything
всё, что угодно
| anything
что-то что-нибудь
| not... anything
ничего
| nothing
ничего
| everything
всё
|
о людях
| body one
| somebody someone кто-то кто-нибудь
| anybody anyone
всякий любой
| anybody anyone
кто-нибудь кто-либо
| not., anybody not... anyone
никто
| nobody no one none [плл] никто
| everybody everyone
всякий каждый все
|
о месте
| where
| somewhere
где-то куда-то
| anywhere
где угодно куда угодно
| anywhere
где-нибудь куда-нибудь
| not., anywhere
нигде никуда
| nowhere
нигде никуда
| everywhere
везде всюду
|
Возвратные местоимения
Лицо
| Единственное число
| Множественное число
|
1-е
| myself
|
| ourselves
|
|
2-е
| yourself
|
| yourselves
|
|
| , herself
| сам(а),
| themselves
| сами,
|
3-е
| { himself
| себя
|
| себя
|
| 1 itself
|
|
|
|
Урок 13, V
One (ones), that of (those of) в качестве заменителей имен существительных
Таблица 11
Местоимения
| Примеры
| Перевод
| one
| 1. The right atrium is larger than the left one.
| Правое предсердие больше левого (предсердия).
| ones
| 2. Some muscles are more elastic than the other ones.
| Некоторые мышцы эластичнее других (мышц).
| that of
| 3.1 shall examine your patient and that of Dr. Ivanov.
| Я осмотрю вашего больного и больного доктора Иванова.
| those of
| 4. The walls of the left atrium are thicker than those of the right one.
| Стенки левого предсердия толще, чем стенки правого (предсердия).
| |
Местоимения one (ones), that of (those of) могут употребляться вмес- т о имени существительного во избежание его повторения.
Местоимения one и that of употребляются для замены имен существительных в единственном числе; ones, those of— во множественном числе.
Глагол (The Verb)
Урок 1, V
Спряжение глагола to be (Indefinite Tenses)
| Утвердительная
| Отрицательная
| Вопросительи ая
|
|
| форма
|
|
|
| форма
|
|
| форма
|
| I am
|
| I am not
| Ami?
|
|
| You are
| You are not
| Are you?
|
|
| He
|
| He
|
|
|
|
|
| he?
|
|
| She
| is
| She
|
| is not
| Is
|
| she?
|
|
СЛ 8
a,
| It
We
|
| It
We
|
|
|
|
|
| it? we?
|
|
| You
| • are
| You
|
|
| ' are not
| Are ■
|
| you?
|
|
| They
|
| They
|
|
|
|
| they?
|
|
| I was
|
| I was not
|
| Was I?
|
|
| You were
| You were not
| Were you?
|
|
| He 1
|
| He
|
|
|
|
|
| he?
|
|
Is
| She f was
| She
|
| was not
| Was
|
| she?
|
|
Ш
a,
| It J
We
|
| It
We
|
|
|
|
|
| it? we?
|
|
| You
| ■were
| You
|
|
| were not
| Were
|
| you?
|
|
| They
|
| They
|
|
|
|
|
| they?
|
|
| I shall be
| I shall not be
| Shall I be?
|
|
| You
|
| You
|
|
|
|
|
| you
|
|
i
| He She
| will be
| He She
|
|
| will not be
| Will
|
| he she
| ■ be?
|
£
| It
|
| It
|
|
|
|
|
| it
|
|
| We shall be
| We shall not be
| Shall we be?
|
|
| You 1 They J
| will be
| You They
|
| will not be
| Will
|
| you they.
| be?
|
Примечание. Для образования кратких ответов повторяется тот глагол, с которого начинается общий вопрос:
"Are you a student?" "Yes, I am." "No, I am not." "Are they teachers?" "No, they are not (aren't [a:nt])." "Is it a pen?" "Yes, it is." "No, it is not (isn't [iznt])."
"Was your brother a soldier?" "Yes, he was." "No, he was not (wasn't [waznt])." "Were you students last year?" "Yes, we were." "No, we were not (weren't [wa:nt])." "Shall I be a teacher?" "Yes, 1 shall." "No, I shall not (shan't [fetnt])." "Will he be a doctor?" "Yes, he will." "No, he will not (won't [wount])."
Урок 26,1
Случаи употребления глагола to be
Таблица 13
Употребление глагола to be
| Значение
| Примеры
| 1. to be + существ, с предлогом.
2. to be + существ, без предлога
3. to be + ing-form
4. to be -ь III форма глагола
5. to be + инфинитив
| смысловой глагол находиться
глагол-связка являться
вспомогательный глагол для образования времен группы Continuous
вспомогательный глагол для образования страдательного залога
модальное значение; действие по заранее намеченному плану или значение долженствования
| The surgeon is in the clinic.
My friend is a surgeon.
The surgeon is performing an operation.
The patient is operated on.
The surgeon is to operate on this patient.
| |
Урок 1, IX
Спряжение глагола to have (Indefinite Tenses)
Таблица 14
| Утвердительная форма
| Отрицательная форма
| Вопросительная форма
| Present
| I have a book. He has a book. She has a book. It has coloured pictures. We have a book. You have a book. They have a book.
| I have no book.
He has no book.
She has no book
It has no coloured pictures.
We have no book.
You have no book.
They have no book.
| Have I a book?
Has he a book?
Has she a book?
Has it coloured pic tures?
Have we a book?
Have you a book?
Have they a book?
| 1 CU,
| I had a book. He had a book. She had a book. It had coloured pictures. We had a book. You had a book. They had a book.
| I had ио book.
He had no book.
She had no book.
It had no coloured pictures.
We had но book.
You had no book.
They had no book.
| Had I a book? Had he a book? Had she a book? Had it coloured pictures? Had we a book? Had you a book? Had they a book?
| |
Продолжение табл. 14
| Утвердительная форма
| Отрицательная форма
| Вопросительная форма
|
Future
| I shall have a book. He will have a book. She «411 have a book. It «411 have coloured pictures.
We shall have a book. You «411 have a book. They «411 have a book.
| I shall have no book. He «411 have no book. She «411 have no book. It «411 have no coloured pictures.
We shall have no book. You will have no book. They will have no book.
| Shall I have a book? Will he have a book? Will she have a book? Will it have coloured pictures?
Shall we have a book? Will you have a book? Will they have a book?
|
На русский язык предложение с глаголом to have переводится: I have а book. У меня есть книга (т.е. я имею книгу).
Краткий ответ на вопрос с глаголом to have:
"Have you a book?" "Yes, I have." "No I have not (haven't)."
"Has he a book?" "Yes, he has." "No, he has not (hasn't)."
"Had you a book?" "Yes, we had." "No, we had not (hadn't)."
Примечание. Если перед существительным стоят слова much, many, any, enough или числительпые, то с глаголом have употребляется отрицание not; например: We have not any lectures today.
Урок 26, II
Случаи употребления глагола to have
Таблица 15
Употребление глагола to have
| Значение
| Примеры
| 1. to have + существ.
2. to have + III форма глагола
3. to have + инфинитив глагола
| смысловое иметь вспом. глагол для образования времен группы Perfect модальное (необходимость в силу определенных обстоятельств)
| My friend has an atlas. He has proved his conclusions.
We have to examine him.
| |
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