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29*. Write an abstract of the following text paying attention to academic grammar, lexical, structural, and stylistic peculiarities.
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29*. Write an abstract of the following text paying attention to academic grammar, lexical, structural, and stylistic peculiarities.
How to Manage Knowledge
Knowledge management is the continual process of squeezing value from knowledge. Information isn’t knowledge. It can be a long path to transform information into knowledge. It can also be a long path to transform knowledge into business results. Knowledge management achieves both these objectives. It transforms information into actionable knowledge that drives business results. Knowledge management is a business practice and process. It's supported by a collection of tools. At the highest level the knowledge management process looks like this: 1. Create & Identify Knowledge. Many organizations are leaking knowledge like a fast sinking rowboat. The first step to managing knowledge is to identify the knowledge your organization is creating. Programs, projects, initiatives, processes and conversations all generate knowledge. Knowledge management identifies the critical knowledge that your organization is creating.
2. Validate & Assess. Validate knowledge. For example, does a new research report come from a reputable source? Assess the business impact of knowledge. For example, what stakeholders need to be informed about a new research report? 3. Secure & Retain. Retain knowledge in an accessible and secure repository. Identify and manage knowledge retention policies. Certain knowledge must be retained for a minimum period of time (and often no longer) for compliance. Knowledge should be secured according to information security best practices. Information security objectives such as information privacy, confidentiality, integrity, availability and auditability should be incorporated into processes and tools.
4. Organize and Search. Create views and organize knowledge. Provide search tools that help users to discover knowledge. 5. Communicate and Socialize. Processes and tools that communicate and socialize knowledge. These processes feed into knowledge improvement and creation. 6. Combine, Connect and Adapt. Provide knowledge interfaces that allow users to make connections, combine, build upon and adapt knowledge. 7. Continuously Improve. Continuously improve knowledge quality. For example, improve knowledge accuracy, availability and business value. 8. Measure and Report. What is your organization's knowledge worth? How fast is your knowledge growing? Does your knowledge have quality issues? What are your knowledge related risks? Mature knowledge management processes can be measured. Such measurements are the basis for continual improvement of knowledge.
Knowledge Processes Versus Tools. It’s a common myth that knowledge management is a technology. Many organizations purchase a knowledge management tool but fail to integrate it into their processes. Knowledge management is first and foremost a business practice. Tools should be selected to support knowledge management processes and not the other way around. That being said, it's difficult to image a knowledge management process succeeding without a few basic tools such as a content repository (e. g. * enterprise content management) and a search tool.
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Knowledge Management Integration. Knowledge management supports your strategies, decisions, programs, projects, initiatives, conversations and communications. Likewise, these business activities feed into knowledge management.
To be effective, knowledge management should be integrated into all business activities. This requires a great deal of executive support. Some organizations have established knowledge management principles that apply to all business activities. For example, mandating that all documentation is checked into a central repository.
* For interpretation of Latin abbreviations, see Appendix 3.
30*. Write a summary on one of the following topics: “Competence Building Approach in the Russian Federation”; “How to Organize Knowledge Building”; “How to Prepare a Scientific Paper”; “Development of Fundamental Sciences in the Russian Federation”. Write at least 1000 words.
SELF-STUDY ACTIVITIES
31. Complete each sentence choosing the correct option: active or passive.
1. He / It is understood that he was in Paris at that time. 2. They are believed to be investigated / be investigating the cause of the accident. 3. She is expected to be / have been promoted to editor in the near future. 4. The company is expected to cut back / it will cut back on advertising. 5. They know / are known to be interested in buying the newspaper. 6. The bosses are thinking / are thought about moving to a new building. 7. The newspaper is reported / is reporting to be under investigation. 8. Some investigators are claimed to use / have used illegal means of gathering information in the recent scandal. 9. The reporters are said to be frightened / be frightening of losing their jobs. 10. She is thought to be / have given ideas for her column by her aunt.
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