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Section 4 listening and speaking
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23. Listen to the Text "Foundations of Low-Rise Buildings".
A) Answer the questions that follow.
1. What are the criteria for foundation stability?
2. Why is it important that the foundation bottom be below the maximum winter frost level?
3. What is the maximum frost depth?
4. What are foundations of low-rise buildings characterized by?
5. What materials can foundation walls be built of?
6. What are the differences between bricks and concrete blocks?
B) Check your answers with your groupmates and Tapescript 10A of the Text. Look up the words you do not know in the dictionary.
C) Retell the Text about some specific features of the foundations of low-rise buildings.
d) Tell your groupmates about foundations based on the
information to be collected.
24. Listen to the Text "Pipe Piles".
A) As you listen, fill in the chart.
The driving of pipe piles
The construction of pipe piles
The protection of pipe piles
232 Английский язык для студентов строительных специальностей
The calculation of the structural
capacity of pipe piles ____________________________________
The areas in which pipe piles are
used ________________________________________________
b) Check your answers with your groupmates and Tapescript 10B of the Text. Look up the words you do not know in the dictionary.
c) Retell the Text about a steel driven pile foundation.
UNIT 11
BUILDING THE WALLS
r—-i| SECTION 1
Ш
I1------- 'I VOCABULARY AND WORD STUDY
1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary to the text "Bricklaying and Concrete Blocks" and translate the given sentences.
1. lay (laid) bricks ['lei] — класть кирпич
bricklaying ['bnk,lein] n — кладка кирпича
bricklayer ['brikjeia] n — каменщик по кладке кирпича
brickwork ['bnkws:k] n —
кирпичная кладка (соору
жение)
gauged brickwork [geicftd] — кладка с узкими швами
The bricks should be laid on a full bed of mortar. When you come to actual bricklaying, you will note that your bricks have an indent on one face. During weeks 13, 14 and 15 the steel erectors work simultaneously with the bricklayers who build the brickwork. That gives the desired illusion of tight joints in quality gauged brickwork.
2. joint ['o^omt] — шов кирпичной кладки; соединение,
стык
mortar joint — шов с заполнением строительным раствором point mortar joints — расшивать швы (кладки)
234 I Английский язык для студентов строительных специальностей
UNIT 11. BUILDING THE WALLS
I 235
The fewer the joints to be made between members, the speedier the erection will be. Mortar joints have an effect on the appearance of brickwork. The time to point mortar joints is when the mortar is hard.
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3. course [ka:s] n — ряд (кирпичной кладки)
lay a course — класть ряд (кирпичной кладки) All the courses should be laid truly horizontal.
4. plumb fpLvm] n adj v — отвес, грузило; вертикальный
Bricklayer uses a plumb to check verticality. Is this wall plumb?
5. cavity wall fkaevsti] — пустотелая (полая) стена, стена
с воздушной прослойкой
solid wall — сплошная стена
Cavity walls are made of two layers with a small gap or cavity between them. Solid walls have no such a gap and this allows more heat to pass through them than through cavity walls.
6. fit v — пригонять, приспосабливать, собирать, монти
ровать
fit together — пригонять части
Lay a row of dry bricks first to see that they Jit in the designated space. Brickwork is usually made of bricks whose measurements are 1 • 2 • 4, so that they can fit together in many positions.
7. rub v — натирать, притирать, затирать
rubbers n — специальный легкорежущийся кирпич; сла-бообожженный кирпич из кремнеземистой глины
An alternate method is to simply rub the mortar over the surface. Rubbers are relatively soft bricks that historically have been used to create fine cut and rubbed, and carved brickwork.
8. veneer [va'nia] и v — кирпичная облицовка стены;
шпон, однослойная фанера; облицовывать; обшивать
фанерой
veneered brick masonry — облицованная кирпичная кладка
Because the masonry veneer is non-structural, it must be tied back to the building structure to prevent movement under wind and earthquake loads. Brick veneers are produced as a thinner brick product which is usually less then half the size of normal brick sizes.
9. absorb [ab'so:b] v — поглощать, абсорбировать, впиты
вать
absorption [ab'so:pfn] n — поглощение, абсорбция
The power of a brick to absorb water is measured by the initial
rate of absorption. «
1 10. pattern ['paetn] n — образец, модель, узор, рисунок, форма brick(work) pattern — система кирпичной кладки
Most towns today have a characteristic functional pattern. A brickwork pattern simply requires you to lay out straight courses.
11. stucco ['stXksu] n — наружная штукатурка
Stucco is applied wet and hardens to a very dense solid.
12. impart [im'pcut] v — передавать, давать, придавать
impart strength — придавать прочность
Mortar not only acts as a cementing material but also impart strength to the work by holding the individual bricks together.
13. appear [a'pia] v— показываться; появляться
appearance [a'piarans] п — внешний вид; появление
The town of the future is already appearing among us today. Russian cities are growing and their appearance is changing.
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