Английский язык для студентов строительных специальностей
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shrinkage ['Jnnkidj] п — усадка, усушка, сжимание Unless kept continually wet, modern concretes shrink after hardening. Soil shrinkage is the process of soil material contracting to a lesser volume, with the loss of water on drying. 18. crack [kra?kj n v — трещина; трескаться, раскалываться underside of the beam. The window cracked down the middle. 19. raft [rcuft] n — сплошной фундамент, опорная плита Further construction was started only after the curing of the raft had been fully done. 20. distort [dis'to:t] v — перекашивать(ся), деформироваться) Metal distorts under stress. Read and translate the following international words. Look up their transcriptions in the dictionary if necessary. Mind the part of speech. Category n, stabilize v, adequate adj, geotechnical adj, structurally adv, stratum n, rare adj, diameter n, principle n, collapse n, recommend v, form n, geology n, machine n, residential adj, total adj, normally adv, seasonal adj, alternative n adj. Match the pairs of synonyms from A and В and translate them. 2. expand a. bearing capacity t>. transfer
Match the verb on the left with a suitable item on the right. Use each item once only.
a. a pile b. a concrete pad d. the ground e. a beam f. settlement g. concrete in layers i. a foundation j. a load Make the following sentences complete by translating the words and phrases in brackets. 1. Field tests provide the most reliable relationship between the axial load applied to а (фундамент глубокого заложения) and the resulting axial movement. 2. Indications of (неравномерная осадка) are vertical distortion or cracking of masonry walls, warped interior and exterior openings, sloped floors, and sticking doors and windows. 3. Minor (трещины) are structurally harmful only if long-term moisture leakage through the (трещины) adversely
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Read and translate the following groups of sentences paying attention to the words in italics which can function as a noun and a verb with the same form. They can have similar or different meanings. Look up your dictionary if necessary. 1. a. The university has been famous since its foundation. b. The workers are laying the foundation of a new building, с This foundation provides money for medical research. 2. a. They usually pile the boxes on the table. b. There was a neat pile of books in the corner of the room, с The pile was driven into the ground. 3. a. The sweater will shrink when washed. b. A bad harvest caused the farmer's income to shrink. с These processes cause the concrete to shrink slightly. 4. a. The two sides have at last reached a settlement. b. Settlement is the common cause of foundation problems, с There are some empty lands awaiting settlement. 5. a. This type of panels does not transfer vertical loads, b. She asked for a transfer to the Moscow office, с The load transfer takes place from the slabs to the beams.
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