Text 3. Education in Great Britain

The British system of education has a very long history, but in the recent years there have been many changes in it. Now the Educational Reform Act has led to a compulsory National Curriculum for pupils aged 5 to 16 in state schools. It consists of English, Mathematics, Science, History, Geography and some other subjects. The Act also aims to give parents a wide choice of schools for their children. Non-selective comprehensive education is available for children of all abilities, though 7% of children attend private fee-paying schools, called public schools. The well-known ones are Eton and Harrow. The education system in the UK is divided into four main parts: primary education, secondary education, further education and higher education. Children in the UK have to attend primary and secondary education which runs from about 5 years old till a student is 16. School starts in September and finishes in late July. There are 3 terms, a two-week break between terms and 6 weeks summer holidays. The most important examination is the assessment at the age of 16 which is called GCSE or General Certificate of Secondary Education. Once students get their GCSEs, they have the choice whether to go to further education or go into the working world. Pupils can continue studying for two more years, concentrating on three main subjects, and then at 18 they take the General Certificate of Education Advanced Level exams. There is also a Certificate of Pre-Vocational Education, for those staying at school from 16 till 17. Further education (FE) is the term used to describe education and training that take place after the school-leaving age of sixteen. FE takes place in colleges, of which there are over 600 spread across the UK. These colleges provide education and training services for the whole of the community that they are part of. They will also run courses for people who are in work and wish to continue their training. Students who are admitted to English universities take part in ‘undergraduate studies’ which leads to a bachelor’s degree in a main field of study. The most common degrees are Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Bachelor of Science (BSc), although there are others. As for PhD or Doctor of Philosophy, it is the highest degree awarded to a person who has completed at least three years of graduate study and a dissertation approved by a board of professors. There exist also sandwich courses which offer students work places for a short period of time in a relevant industry before completing their studies. Taking a sandwich course may make the degree last a year longer than otherwise. Graduate study, conducted after obtaining an initial degree, leads to a more advanced Master’s degree. The Oxbridge universities (Oxford University and Cambridge University), which are amongst the world's oldest universities, are generally ranked at or near the top of all UK universities. These universities denote an elite education. They consist of a number of colleges, each self-governing and independent.

Задание 1. Скажите, какие предложения не соответствуют содержанию текста:

1. The Oxbridge universities denote an elite education.

2. Further education (FE) is the term used to describe education that take place after the graduation.

3. Graduate study, conducted after obtaining an initial degree, leads to a more advanced PhDs degree.  

4. The education system in the UK is divided into four main parts: primary education, secondary education, further education and higher education.

5. At the age of 16 British students take the General Certificate of Education Advanced Level exams.

6. There are also sandwich courses which offer students work places for a short period of time in a relevant industry before completing their studies.

7. The most common degrees are Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Bachelor of Science (BS).

Задание 2. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:

1. Это несложный вопрос. Студент легко может ответить на него. 2. Срок обучения на большинстве британских программ по подготовке бакалавров – три года. 3. Последующие детали будут обсуждены на последнем заседании кафедры. 4. Мой учитель бегло говорит на пяти языках. 5. Выслушай меня внимательно и начинай действовать немедленно. 6. Стоимость высшего образования в Великобритании является самой высокой в Европе.

Задание 3. Допишите предложения, поставив выделенные слова в правильную форму:

1. There are (differ)_____ laboratories in our university.

2. The equipment of the classes satisfies all the (require)_____.

3. Many (lecture) ____ from various chairs teach us.

4. American universities have developed (depend) ____ accreditation organisations to vouch for the quality of the degrees they offer.

5. Russian universities (active)_____  represent their scientific and educational interests at international forums in Russia and abroad.

Задание 4. Допишите предложения, выбрав правильный вариант ответа:

1. Remembering facts is not at all (the same as/ like/as if ) remembering how to perform an action. 2. For some people it may be (easy/easier/more easier) to remember what they have just read than recall where they have left their keys. 3. I don't think this is as hard an examination (than, that, as) it used to be.

Задание 5. Дайте развернутые ответы на следующие вопросы:

1. What has the Educational Reform Act in the UK led to?

2. What is a National Curriculum?

3. How many children attend private fee-paying schools?

4. What parts is the education system in the UK divided into?

5. At what age do children have to attend school in Britain?

6. When does school start in Britain?

7. What is GCSE?

8. Where does FE take place?

9. What degrees can students get at university?

10. What is a sandwich course?