Функции глагола «TO BE» и его перевод

be	+ предлог, наречие	быть, находиться	He is in the laboratory. Он находится в лаборатории. Last week I was in Moscow. На прошлой неделе я был в Москве.
смысловой глагол
+ инфинитив	должен	We are to work hard at our English. Мы должны упорно работать над английским.
составного глаголь-ного сказуемого
часть	значит, быть	His task is to study the second language. Его задача – изучить второй язык.
составного именного сказуемого
+ причастие I	не переводится	Yesterday at 4 o’clock we were preparing for our English exam. Вчера в 4 часа мы готовились к экзамену по английскому.
вспомогательный глагол	для образования времен группы Continious
+ причастие II	не переводится	The Bachelor degree is awarded on the results of examinations. Степень бакалавра присуждается по результатам экзаменов.
вспомогательный глагол	для образования страдательного глагола

1. It is to be noted that automation is an important factor of industry. It is being introduced on a wide scale inall branches of industry, agriculture, medicine and everyday life. 2. In close cooperation with industrial workers our scientists and engineers are developing many new types of electronic and cybernetic devices. They are to bесоmе the basis for the solution of a great number of econoinic and scientific problems. They will be reliable helpers of engineers and scientists. 3. It is due to the close cooperation of physicists and chemists that new physical measurements were developed. 4. The station was a mile away. 5. The device will be tested at our laboratory. 6. It was Einstein who provided a new conception of time, space and gravitation. 7. The students were to pass their English exam. 8. He will be at the University library in an hour. 9. You are to study hard to be good specialists in future. 10. To be a good specialist is not so easy. 11. I like to be in the open air. 12. Don’t go for a walk. It is raining hard.

to note – отмечать; to introduce – внедрять; scale – масштаб; close – тесный; solution – решение; reliable - надежный; due to – благодаря; measurement – измерение.

 

Функции глагола «TO HAVE» и его перевод

 

 

	+ местоимение; существит.	иметь, обладать	I have this book. У меня есть эта книга.
	смысловой глагол
Have	+ причастие II	не переводится	He had translated the article by five o’clock. Он перевел статью к 5 часам.
вспомогательный глагол
	+ инфинитив	должен	We had to use this device in our work. Мы должны были использовать этот прибор в нашей работе.
	модальный глагол

1. An electron is very small as it has a very small mass. 2. In the application of electronic instruments the engineer must have a knowledge of their characteristics. 3. They have to make this experiment once more. 4. He has made an interesting report at the conference. 5. We had a meeting yesterday. 6. We had finished our work by 9 o'clock. 7. She students will have to use a computer to make these calculations.

application – применение; once more – еще раз; calculation – вычисление; success – успех; huge – огромный.

 

Определите функции "to have" в предложениях. Предложения переведите.

 

1. Today we have over 500 radio stations. Radio and TV have to inform and educate people. They have informed us about one more success of space science.

2. Space television has a great future. It has to help in carrying out flights to other planets. A system of space television has helped to televise programmes directly to huge territories.

3. Our plant had an old equipment. It had to be equipped with new machines. It had been equipped with them by the end of the last year.

 

Функции глагола «TO DO» и его перевод

Do	+ дополнение	делать, выполнять	Every man must do his duty.
смысловой глагол		Каждый человек должен выполнять свой долг.
	не переводится или переводится тем глаголом, который он заменяет	My sister knows English much better than I do.
глагол – заместитель		Моя сестра знает английский намного лучше, чем я (знаю).
	действительно, несомненно	Hi did translate thes article yesterday.
усилительный		Он, действительно, переводил эту статью вчера.
+ подлежащее	не переводится	Do you speak English?
вспомогательный глагол для построения вопроса		Вы говорите по-английски?
	не переводится	Don’t go there!
+ not	повелительное наклонение	Не ходите туда!
вспомогательный глагол для построения отрицательной формы	не переводится	This young engineer does not work at our laboratory.
	Present, Past Indefinite Tenses	Этот молодой инженер не работает в нашей лаборатории.

1. He does his morning exercises regularly. 2. Do you go to the University every day? 3. This device does help them much in their work. 4. Why didn't you translate this article? – But I did translate it. 5. Metals conduct electricity better than semiconductors do. 6. Don't turn off the light. 7. Rockets are useful in studying cosmic rays but they do not do all that scientists want; artificial satellites do this. 8. Don't let him turn off the light.

semiconductor – полупроводник; turn off – выключать; ray – луч artificial – искусственный; wait for – ожидать; cup – чашка; to feel – чувствовать.

 

Определите функции глагола «to do» в предложении. Предложения переведите.

 

1. What do you usually do in the evening? – I usually do my home task.

2. What are you doing here? – I'm waiting for you.

3. What have you done? – I've broken your cup.

4. What do you do? – I'm a business man.

5. I don't speak French. – Neither does she.

6. She feels much better. – I know she does.

 

Повелительное наклонение

 

Утвердительная форма	Отрицательная форма
Инфинитив без «to»	do not (don't)+инфинитив без «to»
Look at this table! Посмотрите на эту таблицу!	Do not (don't) switch on the light! Не включайте свет!
	Побуждение к действию

 

Let + (me, him, her; the student, us, them) + инфинитив без «to»

 

	me		Позвольте мне почитать.
	him		Пусть он читает.
Let	her	read	Пусть она читает.
	the student		Пусть студент читает.
	us		Давай почитаем.
	them		Пусть они читают.

1. Look at this table. 2. Read this sentence. 3. Make a report about your scientific work. 4. Before crossing the street stop and look both ways. 5. Don't change the order of words in the sentence. 6. Don't forget to bring me the description of this new device. 7. Let me read the text of the new lesson. 8. Let him say a few words about his experiment. 9. Let them do this work themselves. 10. Let her translate this difficult article about the use of computers. 11. Let's examine the main parts of this device. 12. Let the current be constant. 13. Don't let the students be late.

to forget – забывать; to bring – приносить; description – описание; constant – постоянный; equation – уравнение; to draw – чертить; motion – движение.

 

Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в повелительное наклонение. Предложения переведите.

Образец: (to turn on) (not to turn on)

the radio

Turn on the radio.

Don't turn on the radio.

 

1. (to define) and (to explain) the terms of this equation.

2. (to draw) a line and (to divide) it into three equal parts.

3. (not to change) the speed of the motion.

4. (to present) your paper in time.

5. (not to begin) your experiment now. It's already late.

 

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