Table 6 physiologycal daily requarment for adult s(russia)

Table 6 PHYSIOLOGYCAL DAILY REQUARMENT FOR ADULT S(Russia)

		Group			Coef ficie nt		age				energy		protein						fats			carboh ydrate
												all		ani mal
M E N
	I			1. 4				18-29
								30-39
								40-59
	II			1. 6				18-29
								30-39
								40-59
	III			1. 9				18-29
								30-39
								40-59
	IV			2. 2				18-29
								30-39
								40-59
	V			2. 5				18-29
				30-39
				40-59

                 

 

V O M E N

 

I	1. 4	18-29
		30-39
		40-59
II	1. 6	18-29
		30-39
		40-59
III	1. 9	18-29
		30-39
		40-59
IV	2. 2	18-29
		30-39
		40-59

 

 

Table 6 PHYSIOLOGYCAL DAILY REQUARMENT FOR ADULT S(Russia)

 

                                                                         

 

V I T A M I N S                               M I N E R A L S
M E N
Group	age	С mg	A ink.	E mg	D migr og.	B 1 mg	B2 mg	B6 mg	Nicnine mg	Folic ac mkg	B12 Mkg	Ca	P		Mg		Fe		Zn		iodi n
	18-29				2, 5	1, 2	1, 5															0. 15
	30-39
	40-59
	18-29				2. 5	1. 4	1, 7															0. 15
	30-39
	40-59
	18-29				2. 5	1. 6	2. 0															0. 15
	30-39
	40-59
	18-29				2, 5	1. 9	2, 2															0, 15
	30-39
	40-59
	18-29				2, 5	2, 1	2, 4															0, 15
	30-39
	40-59
V O M E N
Group	age	С mg	A ink.	E mg	D migr og.	B 1 mg	B2 mg	B6 mg	Nicnine mg	Folic ac mkg	B12 Mkg	Ca	P		Mg		Fe		Zn		iodi n
	18-29						0, 15				2, 5	1, 1		1, 3		1, 8
	30-39
	40-59
	18-29						0, 15				2, 5	1, 1		1, 3		1, 8
	30-39
	40-59
	18-29						0. 15				2. 5	1. 3		1. 5		1. 8
	30-39
	40-59
	18-29						0. 15				2. 5	1. 5		1. 8		1. 8
	30-39
	40-59

 

 

                        RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

                                             Department of hygiene and ecology

Pivovarov. Y. P Phd, MD Al-Sabounchi. А. А Dph, Phd

                               Short textbook of Hygiene and ecology For foreign students, 1999

Content   

1. Introduction

2. Drinking water

3. Local, water in rural area

4. Purification of water

5. Lighting

6. Microclimate

7. Ultraviolet radiation  

8. Nutrition

9. Vitamins

10. Milk and diary products

11. Sanitary inspection of foods  

12. Food poisoning

13. Food premises

14. Hospital planning,              .

15. Growth and Development of children's

16. School health services and school furniture 1 7. Planing of schools and kinder-gardens

18. Pre-school age

19. Hardening and tempering

20. Child's hospital

21. Medicine of catastrophe

22. Occupational hygiene

a) Dust

b) Vibration.

c) Noise

d) Toxicology

e) Ionizing radiation

f) Computer and health

23. Multiple choice questions

24. Examination questions

25. Examination exercises

26. Essay

 

INTRODUCTION TO HYGIENE AND ECOLOGY

The Hygiene and Ecology is the important subject in medical uni­versity. Its especial listed branch of medicine wants to study the preven­tive aspect of medicine, Greek physicians Hygiene means good health by the cleanliness of the body and surrounding. Hygiene responds the needs of the individual from birth to death, which includes promotion and pro­tection of the health of the community.

The scope of Preventive medicine covers the promotion of health through higher standard of living viz. Nutrition, housing, working condi­tions, healthy growth and Development. Environment is the reservoir for the agents of diseases, so healthy environment is a common need of all people, and there must be adjustment between the man and environment, the aim of hygiene is to minimize the health problem.

According to the WHO 1948 (Health is a state of complete physi­cal, mental social well being and merely the absence of disease or infir­mity).

Aim of teaching Hygiene and Ecology:

The students should understand the methods and principles of hy­giene and ecology, the relation between man and his environment. The environmental factors: physical (e. g. temperature, moisture, and pollu­tion), biological (e. g. bacteria and virus), chemical and social factors( e. g. economy), the impact of housing, water supply, foods, lightning, soil on health and diseases.

DRINKING WATER

Water is essential for life, and major component of the environ­ment, humans can survive only a few days with out water. Each commu­nity needs a safe and adequate supply of water, the amount of water de­pends upon habits, life standards season and climate. Contaminated water is unsafe and harmful for man, as a source of water borne diseases.

Table 1. Safety drinking water supply in developing countries (% of population) - WHO 1981, UNPF 1990

		1975            1980	1985-87
cites rural area		77 75 ~ 22               29
general		38            I 43

Uses of water : a) Domestic - drinking and cooking; b) Personal hygiene, c) Environmental sanitation; d) Industrial and agricultural.

Classification of water {quality):

a) Safe water (free from contamination),

b) Polluted water,

 c) Contaminated water (chemical and bacteriological)      

Sources of water:      

a) Rainwater

b) Surface water - streams, rivers, pond, lakes and sea. [

c) Underground water - wells (there are three layers-ground or subsoil water, inter stratum, artesian. The artesian water is free from pathogenic organisms, usually requires no disinfection).

Diseases associated with water:

a) Cholera, typhoid and dysentery;

b) Skin infection, trachoma;

c) Schistosomiasis and worms;

d) Virus (poliomyelitis, infective hepatitis);

e) Chemical constituents either excess or shortage of fluoride, io­dineand excess of nitrates.

Quality of water.

The quality if water is assessed by:

1. Bacteriological examination

2. Chemical examination   

3. Physical examination

 Table 2. Sanitary standards recomendation (state standards 1996)

elements	Concentration
Number of bacteria	not more than 100 / ml
Coli-indix	not more than 3 / 1
Coli-titer	not less than 300 ml
Nitrate	not more than 10 mg / 1
Nitrite	notmore than 0, 002 mg/1 _____
Amonia	not more than 0, 1 mg / 1
Flouride	not more than 1, 5 mg / 1 and less than 0, 7 mg / 1
Chlorid	350 mg /1
Sulphate	500 mg / 1
Iron	0, 3 mg / 1
Lead	0, lmg/l
Zinc	5mg/l
Hardness	7, 5 mg. eq, / 1
Transparency	not less than 30cm
PH	6, 5-8, 5

Table 3. International sanitary standard of drinking water recommendation by WHO 1984

element	Concentration
NB( coli- index) for pipeline water for local area	a) fecal bacteria — 0,                            b) Intistinal bacteria — not more than 1  a— 0, b— less than 10            :
Nitrate	not more than 10 mg /l
arsenic	0, 05
lead	0, 05
chlorid
mercury	0, 001
flouride	1, 5
iron	0, 5
zinc
chrome	0, 05
sulphate
PH	1           6, 5-8, 5

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