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5. Comment on the use of the Future Perfect in the following sentences. Translate them.
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5. Comment on the use of the Future Perfect in the following sentences. Translate them.
1. By the time my parents get back home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.
2. The tourists hope that the tornado will have finished before they arrive in California.
3. Next month I will have known Rick for twenty years.
4. By the time you start writing your test I will have finished mine.
5. When you drop in at my place, I will have painted the door.
6. Will you have arranged everything by tomorrow?
7. Let’s hope the volcanic eruption will have finished before we arrive on the island.
8. Before he gets home from school tonight Peter will have eaten three bars of chocolate.
9. By the time the software goes on sale, the company will have spent $5 million on developing it.
6. Use the right form of the verbs in brackets (Future Perfect).
1. By next November, I ( receive) my promotion.
2. By the time he getshome, she ( clean) the house.
3. I (not finish) this test by 3 o’clock.
4. She ( learn) enough Chinese to communicate before she moves to Beijing?
5. By the time I finishthis course, I ( take) ten tests.
6. How many countries you (visit) by the time you turn 50?
7. I ( do ) my home work by seven.
8. The mechanic (install ) the new equipment when you arrive.
9. By ten o’clock the bookkeeper ( prepare ) the financial report.
The Perfect Tenses
| Tense |
Use | Form | Time Expressions | |
| Present |
Results Results Results | · They’ve built factories all over the word. · He has opened 4 factories since 2003. | have V3 has | · since, for · just, already, ever, never · this week |
| Past | · I returned home because I hadn`t locked the door. | had V3 | · by the time · before smb. did smth | |
| Future | · I’ll have finished the work by 2 o’clock. | will have V3 | · by 2 o`clock · by the end of the month · until/till | |
7. Put the verbs into the correct form (Active).
1. You look really great! (you, work) out at the fitness center recently? 2. What (you, do) when the accident occurred?
3. I (have) the same car for more than ten years. I'm thinking about buying a new one.
4. If it (snow) this weekend, we (go) skiing near Lake Tahoe.
5. What do you call people who work in libraries? We (call) them librarians.
6. Sam (arrive) in San Diego a week ago.
7. Samantha (live) in Berlin for more than two years. In fact, she (live) there when the Berlin wall came down.
8. If Vera (keep) drinking, she (lose, eventually) her job.
9. The Maya established a very advanced civilization in the jungles of the Yucatan; however, their culture (disappear) by the time Europeans first (arrive) in the New World.
10. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John (sleep).
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11. It (rain) all week. I hope it stops by Saturday because I want to go to the beach.
12. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss) the bus next morning. You (be) late to work too many times. You are fired!
13. I am sick of rain and bad weather! Hopefully, when we (wake) up tomorrow morning, the sun (shine).
14. I have not travelled much yet; however, I (visit) the Grand Canyon and San Francisco by the time I leave the United States.
15. I (see) many pictures of the pyramids before I went to Egypt. Pictures of the monuments are very misleading. The pyramids are actually quite small.
16. In the last hundred years, traveling (become) much easier and very comfortable. In the 19th century, it (take) two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. The trip (be) very rough and often dangerous. Things (change) a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.
17. Joseph's English (improve, really). He (watch) American television programs and (study) his grammar every day since he first arrived in San Diego. Soon he will be totally fluent.
18. When I (arrive) home last night, I discovered that Jane (prepare) a beautiful candlelight dinner.
19. If you (need) to contact me sometime next week, I (stay) at the Sheraton in San Francisco.
20. When Carol (call) last night, I (watch) my favorite show on television.
READING AND TRANSLATION PRACTICE
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. Itoccupies about 1/6 of the Earth surface, coveringalmost twice the territory of the United States. The country is situated in Eastern Europe, Northern and Central Asia. Its total area is over 17 million square km.
Our land is washed by 12 seas, most of which are the seas of three oceans: the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. In the south and in the west the country borders on fourteen countries. It also has a sea-border with the USA.
There is hardly a country in the world where such a great variety of flora and fauna can be found as in our land. Our country has numerous forests, plains and steppes, taiga and tundra, highlands and deserts. The highest mountains in our land are the Altai, the Urals and the Caucasus. There are over two thousand rivers in the Russian Federation. The longest of them are the Volga, the Ob, the Yenisei, the Lena and the Amur. Our land is also rich in various lakes with the deepest lake in the world, the Baikal, included.
On the Russian territory there are 11 time zones. The climate conditions are rather different: from arctic and moderate to continental and subtropical. The country’s natural and climatic conditions make it possible to grow many industrial and food crops. Grain growing is the basis of agricultural production in Russia. Spring and winter wheat are the main grain crops in the sown area and total harvest. Cultivation of maize in southern areas is an important source for increasing grain production in Russia. In the central belt, where there is insufficient heat, maize is grown for silage. Potatoes and other vegetables grow on 5% of the cultivated area. Sugar beet is one of the most important industrial and fodder crop.
Our country is one of the richest in natural resources countries in the world: oil, natural gas, coal, different ores, ferrous and non-ferrous metals and other minerals.
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The Russian Federation is a multinational state. It comprises many national districts, several autonomous republics and regions. The population of the country is about 140 million people. It ranks seventh in the world in population, following Chine, India, The USA, Indonesia, Brazil and Pakistan.
Moscow is the capital of our Homeland. It is the largest political, scientific, cultural and industrial center of the country and one of the most beautiful cities on the globe. Russian is the official language of the state. The national symbols of the Russian Federation are a white-blue-red banner and a double-headed eagle.
The Russian Federation is a constitutional republic headed by the President. The country government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The President controls only the executive branch – the government, but not the Supreme Court and Federal Assembly.
The legislative power belongs to the Federal Assembly comprising two chambers: the Council of Federation (upper Chamber) and the State Duma (lower Chamber). Each chamber is headed by the Speaker. The executive power belongs to the government (the Cabinet of Ministers) headed by the Prime Minister. The judicial power belongs to the system of Courts comprising the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and federal courts.
The foreign policy of the Russian Federation is that of international cooperation, peace and friendship with all nations irrespective of their political and social systems.
VOCABULARY
| banner | знамя, флаг |
| border on the Caucasus the Council of Federation | граничить с Кавказ Совет Федерации |
| climate conditions | климатические условия |
| crop comprise | сельскохозяйственная культура включать, охватывать |
| executive | исполнительная |
| (the) Federal Assembly | Федеральное Собрание |
| ferrous and non-ferrous metals | черные и цветные металлы |
| fodder crop | кормовая культура |
| foreign policy | международная политика |
| grain growing | растениеводство |
| highlands | горные возвышенности |
| influential | влиятельный |
| judicial | судебная |
| legislative | законодательный |
| maize | кукуруза |
| moderate | умеренный |
| numerous | многочисленные |
| occupy | занимать |
| ore | руда |
| silage | силос |
| state | государство |
| (the) State Duma | Государственная Дума |
| steppes | степи |
| sugar beet | сахарная свекла |
| (the) Supreme Court | Верховный Cуд |
| surface | поверхность |
| taiga | тайга |
| the Urals | Уральские горы |
| total area | общая площадь |
| wheat | пшеница |
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