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4. Fill in the blanks with the proper terms from the list.
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4. Fill in the blanks with the proper terms from the list.
Dam, semen, udder, sire, lactation, Holstein, fertilize, service.
1. … is the production of milk by a cow.
2. The fluid of a male used to fertilize the female is ….
3. Another name for the bag of a cow is the ….
4. The … is the farther.
5. The … is the mother.
6. To … a female is to cause her to produce young.
7. … is a breed of dairy cattle.
8. When a male breeds a female he is said to … her.
5. Read and translate the dialogue “Potatoes”.
Potatoes
Student: Horticulture includes all fruit – bearing plants, doesn’t it?
Professor: That’s right. They may be trees, vines, shrubs, or non – woody plants.
Student: All the vegetables fall in this class, I’d think.
Professor: Yes, all the edible ones do, whether we eat the underground parts, the stems, the leaves, the seeds, or the fleshy parts.
Student: The potato is the most important, isn’t it?
Professor: By far. It’s the most widely cultivated food crops, next to the cereals.
Student: Are potatoes native to the United States?
Professor: No. it is believed that they were brought from Ireland in about 1719. That’s why you here them called Irish potatoes.
Student: How are they grown? From seeds?
Professor: Yes, and they’re also grown from cuttings. The tuber is cut up so that each piece has one or more eyes, or dormant buds, and these are planted in furrows.
Student: That reduces the yield quite a lot, doesn’t it?
Professor: Well, roughly one tenth of the crop is used for the next year’s planting.
Student: What kind of growing conditions do they need?
Professor: Potatoes require a rather mild climate, with ample rainfall. They mature in three to four months.
Student: I suppose potato farming has become quite mechanized.
Professor: Oh, yes. Machines are used to plant, cultivate, and harvest. The plants are also often treated by spraying and dusting, not only to prevent infection by diseases, but to kill insects and also to kill the vines in the late stage of their growth to speed up maturity of the potato.
Student: Is that what you call new potatoes, when they’ve just been harvested?
Professor: No. New potatoes are gathered before full maturity. They’re smaller and more easily damaged, but they bring premium prices.
Student: Handling and storage are big problems with vegetables, aren’t they?
Professor: They are. Potatoes are usually stored in cellars, then culled to remove all the smaller and damaged tubers, and finally placed in
100 – pound bags for shipment.
Student: Do they have any special uses?
Professor: Well, some are dehydrated, of course. In some European countries they are used in the manufacture of alcohol and starch. And the culled tubers may be fed to farm animals.
Useful words:
| ample cellar cereal cull dehydrate dormant buds edible fleshy furrow horticulture shrub starch tuber | обильный подвал хлебный злак отбирать обезвоживать прозябающие почки съедобное мясистый, сочный борозда садоводство кустарник крахмал клубень |
6. Fill in the blanks with the proper terms from the list: cellar culled cuttings dehydrated edible eye infection mechanized tuber.
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1. This plant has a fleshy root called a ….
2. It may be eaten. It is ….
3. … are made from this fleshy root for planting.
4. The part which is planted must have at least one ….
5. On … farms the planting is done by machines.
6. As the plants grow, they may be treated by spraying to prevent … by diseases.
7. After the crop is harvested, it is … to remove the smaller potatoes.
8. The crop is then stored in a ….
9. Some of the crop will be dried for shipment abroad. It will be ….
7. Discuss in pairs:
· What does the agriculture mean?
· Are there any differences and similarities between the breeds?
· How are potatoes usually stored?
· Do potatoes have any special uses?
WRITING PRACTICE
1. Look at the title of the text and write 5 facts you expect to read.
2. Read the text and try to complete the gaps.
Facts about Russia
· Russia is the largest country in the world. It takes 1 … hours to cross it by plan!
· A train journey from Moscow to Vladivostok on the Transsiberian Express takes six days!
· Russia has 10 time zones. When people in Kaliningrad are having
2 … people in Vladivostok are going to bed!
· Russia stretches from the Baltic Sea in the West to the Pacific Ocean in the East and from the Northern Arctic Ocean to the deserts of Central Asia.
· Russia rivers are long. The Volga is the longest river in Europe.
· Russia has a wide range of scenery and climates, too. It has harsh winters with lots of 3 …, but the summers are quite warm. The temperature is +20 to -25 C.
· Lake Baikal is 636 km 4 … and 80 km wide. It is the world’s biggest fresh water reservoir. The water is very 5 … You can see the bottom of the lake through 30-40 m of water.
· Mount Elbrus (18, 481ft/5, 633 m), in the Caucasus 6 … range, is the highest peak in the country.
· Steppes cover all of the south of Russia, from the Black Sea to the Altai Mountains on the Chinese border. Some of the steppes have rich 7 ) ….. soil.
· Almost 8 … per cent of Russia is tundra. There aren’t any trees there. It is frozen for most of the year. Reindeer live there.
· Taiga is a thick forest with a lot of dark pine, fir, and cedar
9 …. Many species of wildlife live there.
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