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3. Use the map to present Russia to your classmates. Search the Internet to find out more about Russia, its capital, agriculture, big cities, and customs.
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3. Use the map to present Russia to your classmates. Search the Internet to find out more about Russia, its capital, agriculture, big cities, and customs.
LESSON 11
GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| Grammar practice: | 1. Modal Verbs |
| Reading and translation practice: | 1. British or English 2. London |
| Conversation practice: | 1. Scottish New Year 2. Boxing Day 3. See Red |
Writing practice: 1. Presentation
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
Modal Verbs
(Модальные глаголы)
| Present Simple Tense | Past Simple Tense | Future Simple Tense |
| Can – могу, умею Эквивалент: be able to… am, is, are able to … | Could – мог was able to.. were able to… | -------------- Shall be able to … Will be able to … |
| Must – должен Эквивалент: to have (has) to … I have to do it now. Я должен это сделать сейчас. Эквивалент: to be to … I am to be at home at 5. Я должен быть дома в 5. | ------ Had to … I had to do it yesterday. Я должен был это сделать вчера. Was (were) to… He was to speak at the meeting. Я должен был выступить на собрании. | ------- Shall (will) have to … He will have to do it tomorrow. Он должен будет сделать эту работу завтра. -------- |
| May – разрешение, вероятность He may go home. Он может идти домой. Эквивалент: to be allowed to.. I am allowed to do this work. Мне позволяют сделать эту работу. | Might I might do this work. Я мог бы сделать эту работу. Was(were) allowed to … He was allowed to do this work. Ему позволили сделать эту работу. | -------- Shall (will) be allowed to … He will be allowed to do it. Ему позволят сделать эту работу. |
Should употребляется для выражения совета и переводится как следует, должен:
You should help him. Вам следует помочь ему.
Ought to употребляется:
1) для выражения морального долга, совета, относящегося к настоящему или будущему:
You ought to help her. Вам следует (должны) помочь ей.
2) с перфектным инфинитивом выражает действие, которое должно было произойти в прошлом, но не произошло:
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You ought to have helped them. Вам следовало помочь им.
Need употребляется преимущественно в отрицательных предложениях и выражает ненужность совершения действия.
You needn’t come so early. Вам не нужно приходить так рано.
1. Make the sentences according to the model. Use the following word combinations.
Model: I can’t come on Friday, but my friend can.
In the morning, in the evening, before the lecture, on Monday, at 8 o’clock, after the lecture, after the classes, after the examinations.
Model: I can meet him on Monday. Can you meet him on Monday? Yes, I can.
To take part, to speak English, to enter Academy, to cook dinner.
Model: May I leave at 4 o’clock? Please do.
Take, visit, go, help, read, walk, meet.
2. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the modal verbs.
1. I don’t always do everything I should. 2. You can’t sit there. Those seats are reserved. 3. You don’t need to take the test. 4. I want to be able to choose my own career. 5. We don’t exercise much, but we really ought to. 6. The machine can translate simple messages into 24 different languages. 7. You must stop at the red light. 8. You should eat more fresh fruit. 9. Graham will have to sleep on the sofa. 10. Now I have to go. I am to meet Ann in the library. 11. If he doesn’t know how to translate the phrase he should ask the teacher. 12. Ask Ann, she may know his address.
3. Complete the sentences, using the words given can/couldn’t/ could/be able to/can’t.
1. They had fish hooks so they … catch fish. 2. The raft is so small we … lie down comfortably. 3. Jane has got two books so she … read any of them. 4. They didn’t have any shampoo so they … wash their hair.
5. When the ship disappeared, Mary cried and cried. She … stop crying. 6. They won’t … to drive a car until they are eighteen. 7. … they hear it before they saw it? 8. When she was a baby, she only … cry.
9. You … enter the club without a card. 10. You … do it even if you tried. 11. Cheques … be accepted only with a bank card. 12. You … easily have done it.
4. Complete the sentences, using the words given must/had to/ mustn’t/needn’t/should.
1. You … go. You can stay here if you want. 2. We didn’t have any food yesterday, so we … go shopping. 3. I want to know what happened. You … tell me. 4. I … hurry or I’ll be late. 5. The windows aren’t dirty. You … clean them. 6. I … go to the bank yesterday to get some money. 7. When you play tennis, you … watch the ball. 8. It’s a fantastic film. You … see it. 9. You … tell Sue what happened. I don’t want her to know. 10. I went to London by train last week. The train was full and … stand all the way. 11. If you have time, you … visit the Science Museum. 12. It’s late. I … go now.
5. Complete the sentences, using the words given must/may/ might.
1. … I borrow your ruler? 2. That … be Charlie. He said he would be here about now. 3. You … make a little less noise. 4. Jane … still be in the office, but she usually leaves before six. 5. The house repairs … cost more than the house is worth. 6. It was so quiet that one … hear a leaf drop. 7. Nobody … leave the hall before the exam has finished. 8. He himself gave me the directions so they … be right. 9. You were lucky. You … have broken your neck, Jim. 10. There … be a heavy frost during the night. 11. You … drive on the right in England.
12. George … be strong: he can lift heavy weights.
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6. Put the sentences into negative and interrogative forms. Use do, does, did.
1. Michael has to read a lot for tomorrow’s exam. 2. Everybody has to be very careful with this device. 3. She had to study hard last semester. 4. They had to enter our Academy. 5. I have to pass my final exams.
6. Mr. Bucket has to support his elderly parents. 7. We have to admit that she is right. 8. She has to turn to a private detective. 9. I had to go out and greet the guests. 10. Again she has to have tinned food for dinner!
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