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Major factors and sources of anthropogenous pollution atmosphere.
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Major factors and sources of anthropogenous pollution atmosphere.
1) Chemical substances - the industry, especially petrochemical, transport, processes burning fuel (thermal power station, boiler-houses), rubbish factories, agriculture (pesticides, etc. ).
2) Dust - wind erosion of fields, cement works etc.
3) Biological pollution - microbes - high density people in cities, animal industries, factories, biological pesticides
4) Radioisotops - the atomic power station, the industry, medicine, nuclear tests.
5) Thermal pollution atmosphere - emissions of superheated gases by the industry and boiler-houses, allocation and reflection heat by the urbanized territories.
The factors influencing on intensity of atmosphere pollution.
1) Amount and intensity of emissions on unit of the area, degree of urbanization territory
2) Height of emissions – diffuses on the big territory
3) Reliev territory (the center of Simferopol) – bad ventilation in low places
4) Meteorological factors - temperature inversion (vertical air exchange is complicated), humidity, amount of deposits, speed and direction of winds (wind rose) etc.
5) Features of the architectural lay-out - sanitary - protective breaks etc.
6) Amount of green plantings.
Ways of autopurification atmosphere.
1) Dilution pollutants in air masses - decrease concentration pollutants to maximum permissible concentration and lower
2) Sedimentation (precipitation):
а) Dry (loss of large particles),
b) Damp - removal pollutants with deposits - with snow or long rains.
Lack of sedimentation from air – may be pollution of water and ground.
3) Chemical reactions under influence О3 and UVR, but sometimes may be formed photooxidizers – could Los-Angeles type - irritation lungs, mucous of eyes, skin, cancerogenes. Destruction metal designs etc.
4) Bactericidal effect О3 and UVR
5) Neutralizationacid and alkaline pollutants, but can be more dangerous metabolites.
6) Degradation pollutants by ground microflora.
INFLUENCE ATMOSPHERE POLLUTION AT HEALTH OF THE POPULATION
It is possible to allocate 2 kinds influence pollution of atmosphere on health of the population and conditions of its life:
Direct negative influence - direct influence pollution on organism of the person therefore there are various biological effects,
Indirect negative influence - when pollution influences at health of the person indirectly, by change of ecological conditions.
DIRECT NEGATIVE ACTION
ACUTE ACTION
| NONSPECIFIC | SPECIFIC |
| ACUTE PROVOKING ACTIVITY: TOXIC FOGS - «MURDERER, SMOG LOS-ANGELES TYPE, FLASHOUT BRONCHIAL ASTHMA etc. | SPECIFIC ACUTE POISONINGS |
CHRONIC ACTION
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| NONSPECIFIC | SPECIFIC |
| DETERIORATION PARAMETERS HEALTH of the POPULATION: demographic, case rate, physical Development, physical inability | CHRONIC SPECIFIC ILLNESSES: ILLNESS ITAI-ITAI, Minamata, Usho, FLUOROSIS, etc. |
REMOTE EFFECTS:
ONCOGEN, MUTAGEN, EMBRYOTROPIC, IMMUNO-DEPRESSIVE
NDIRECT NEGATIVE ACTION:
INCREASE RACHITIS OR MELANOMAS (UVR),
DETERIORATION CONDITIONS LIFE of the POPULATION,
ACID RAINS, POLLUTION FOOD STUFF, AESTHETIC DAMAGE
BASIC DIRECTIONS PROTECTION ATMOSPHERE FROM
ANTHROPOGENOUS POLLUTION
1. Administrative - legislative measures: the Law of Ukraine on protection of air, the Constitution, the Law on sanitary and epidemic well being of the population of Ukraine etc. laws. Administrative measures - are accepted by local authorities in the given territory.
2. Hygienic measures:
а) Preventive sanitary control (see first theme)
b) Current sanitary control
3. Medical-preventive measures - studying influence pollution on health of the population, treatment and improvement injured people.
4. Ecological monitoring - studying condition ecosystem and separate kinds of biot in interrelation with atmospheric pollution.
5. Architectural measures – functional zones in cities, sanitary - protective breaks between sources of pollution and residential buildings etc.
6. Technological measures:
1. Application SELFCONTAINED technologies - air passes clearing and again enters in effecting - there are no outliers in free air. It is very dearly method.
2. CHANGE technology - translation motor transport into electricity, gas, change chemical technologies with decrease concentration harmful substances in emissions.
3. Usage CLEARING structures on sources of pollutions: 1) CYCLONE, the MULTICYCLONE - ejectable gases is attached major rotary rate and the particles drop out in the bunker 2) SCRUBBER - air passes through water and gases are purified 3) ELECTRIC FILTER - the charged particles are deleted
CHECK of working of clearing structures will be carried out on keeping the specifications of MPE (maximal permissible emissions pollutants in free air calculated with the count MPC in air)
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