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3. Write a paragraph about another invention. You can use your own idea or these notes about the steam engine
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2. Oопределите функции окончания – s (es), т. е. является ли оно признаком: а) множественного числа существительного; б) притяжательного падежа имени существительного; в) глагола в III лице единственного числа (Present Indefinite (Simple) Active) настоящего времени. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The most important factor which provide s the engine's greatest efficiency is proper maintenance.
2. The exhaust valve opens and the piston force s out the burn gase s.
3. Within the cylinder s the process of combustion take s place.
4. The engine has stationary, rotary and reciprocating part s.
5. The cylinder s and the cylinder head s form the combustion chamber s.
6. The burning of the engine' s fuel provides force s .
3. Write a paragraph about another invention. You can use your own idea or these notes about the steam engine
1. Steam engine came about centuries of work by many scientists and engineers.
2. James Watt is considered to be the inventor.
3. It was invented in the 17-th century.
4. It uses the power of steam to do work.
5. It was widely used during the Industrial Revolution.
UNIT VIII. CONSOLIDATION
Vocabulary and grammar
1. Do the test
Test 1
| cylinder | картер |
| piston | коленвал |
| cylinder head | выпускной клапан |
| inlet valve | шатун |
| exhaust valve | маховик |
| connecting rod | головка цилиндра |
| crank | свеча зажигания |
| crankshaft | поршень |
| crankcase | кривошип |
| flywheel | цилиндр |
| spark plug | впускной клапан |
Test 2
| intake/suction stroke | нижняя мертвая точка |
| exhaust stroke | рабочий такт |
| compression stroke | работа |
| power/working stroke | четырехтактный цикл |
| top dead centre | коэффициент сжатия |
| bottom dead centre | воздушно-топливная смесь |
| four stroke cycle | давление |
| air-fuel mixture | впускной такт |
| compression ratio | верхняя мертвая точка |
| pressure | температура воспламенения |
| ignition point | выпускной такт |
| operation | такт сжатия |
Test 3
| to produce | подниматься |
| to combust | впрыскивать |
| to inject | выталкивать |
| to ignite | сгорать, сжигать |
| to move | толкать |
| to drive out | преобразовывать |
| to force | сжимать |
| to convert | нагнетать, форсировать |
| to compress | двигать(ся) |
| to mix | достигать |
| to reach | тянуть |
| to pull/draw | производить |
| to push | смешивать |
| to ascend | опускаться |
| to descend | воспламенять |
| to turn | поворачивать |
2. Read and translate the following words and collocations
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| n. machine, energy, diesel, construction, classification, gas, oil, combustion, engine, heat, conversion, operation, cycle, production, product, pressure, compression, movement, motion, power, power plant, equipment, invention, requirement, stroke, success, development, expansion, ignition, explosion, fuel, reciprocation, cylinder, cylinder head, crank, crankshaft, crankcase, piston, valve, spark, spark plug, flywheel, weight, shape, space, device, combustion chamber v. move, produce, pull, draw, push, drive, force, enter, allow, ignite, open, close, ascend, descend, use, classify, combust, burn, connect, call, provide, turn, |
3. Match the words in A and B columns
| A | B |
| combustion | head |
| spark | valve |
| cylinder | cycle |
| connecting | plant |
| intake | chamber |
| four-stroke | rod |
| power | plug |
| take | engine |
| combustible | center |
| reciprocating | mixture |
| compression | place |
| air-fuel | stroke |
| top/bottom dead |
3. Cross out the nouns that don’t go with each verb
| pull | piston, stroke, gas, shape, valve, |
| produce | construction, heat, engines, requirement |
| ignite | gas, pressure, cycle, air-fuel mixture |
| compress | flywheel, combustion chamber, air-fuel mixture |
| use | fuel, gas, engine, spark plug, requirement |
| drive out | burnt gases, equipment, invention, fuel |
| push | gases, piston, stroke, cycle, connecting rod |
| open | connecting rod, crank, valve, cylinder head |
4. Read the sentences and translate them. Pay attention to the verb form
1. We classify combustion engines into a few groups.
2. We are classifying combustion engines into a few groups.
3. We have classified combustion engines into a few groups
4. We classified combustion engines into a few groups.
5. We were classifying combustion engines into a few groups.
6. We will classify combustion engines into a few groups.
7. Combustion engine are classified into a few groups.
8. Combustion engine were classified into a few groups.
9. Combustion engine will be classified into a few groups.
10. Combustion engine are being classified into a few groups.
11. Combustion engine have been classified into a few groups.
12. Combustion engine were being classified into a few groups.
5. Read the text and state if the predicates are in Active or Passive Voice
The great majority of modern automotive engines operate on the four-stroke cycle, usually referred to as the Otto cycle, which is completed in four strokes of the piston, or during two revolutions of the crankshaft. Engines are also being built to operate on a cycle which is completed in two piston strokes. In this cycle a combustible gaseous mixture is compressed in the cylinder during the outward stroke of the piston, and burned and allowed to expand during the following inward stroke. Evacuation of the products of combustion and admission of a new charge takes place during the latter part of the expansion, and the early part of the compression stroke. Since there is no separate exhaust stroke, the burnt gases cannot be expelled from the cylinder by a pumping action of the piston.
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