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2. Learn the words in the box. 3. Work with your partner. Look at the picture and give names to all basic parts of the internal combustion engine
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2. Learn the words in the box
| Cylinder, cylinder head, piston, crank, crankshaft, crankcase, combustion chamber, inlet valve, exhaust valve, spark plug, connecting rod, port, spring, flywheel |
3. Work with your partner. Look at the picture and give names to all basic parts of the internal combustion engine
4. Learn the words and translate their derivatives
Connect (v) – connection, connecting, connected, connecter, connective;
Turn (v) – turning, turned;
Burn (v) – burning, burnt, burner;
Consider (v) – considered, considering, consideration, considerable, considerably;
Clear (adj) – clearing, clearly, clearer;
Common (adj) - commonly
Explain (v) - explanation, explainable, explanatory note;
Locate (v)– local, location, located, locality, locally;
Shape (v) – shaping, shaped: oval-shaped, cube-shaped, spiral-shaped, mushroom-shaped
weigh (v) – weighing, weight
5. Learn the words in the left column. Match each word in the left column with a definition on the right
| 1. space | a. something invented for a special purpose |
| 2. device | b. area that may be occupied |
| 3. single | c. to force something to move in some direction |
| 4. to drive | d. one only |
| 5. to ignite | e. set on fire |
6. Read the words and underline single-root ones
Connection, chamber, shaping, condition, ignite, electricity, connector, spaceman, consideration, location, expand, ignited, connective, considerable, space, locality, connected, localize, electric, spacious, shape, spark-ignition, expansion
7. For questions 1-4 read the text and decide which answer A, B, C best fits each space
Internal combustion engine is an engine in which 1__________ of the fuel takes place in a confined space. This produces 2___________ of gases that are used directly to provide 3. ___________ power. Such engines are classified as spark 4. __________ or compression ignition, and two-stroke or four-stroke. The most common engines used in automobiles are piston-type spark-ignited, four-stroke gasoline ones. Other types of internal-combustion engines include the reaction engine and the gas turbine.
1. a) consideration b) connection c) combustion
2. a) operation b) expansion c) ignition
3. a) mechanical b) chemical c) electrical
4. a) location b) production c) ignition
8. Fill in the gaps with the correct forms of the words in bold
| 1. The internal ________________ engine is one | combust |
| 2. in which combustion of the fuel ___________ place | take |
| 3. in a confined space, producing ____________of gases | expand |
| 4. that are __________directly to provide mechanical | use |
| 5. power. Such engines are ________ as reciprocating | classify |
| 6. or rotary, two-stroke or four-stroke gasoline engines. |
9. Look through the text and think if it is devoted to
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a) principal parts of internal combustion engines and their function,
b) classification of combustion engines,
c) general information on internal combustion engines.
Read the text. Give the title to it. Divide the text into paragraphs and choose the heading for each of them. One heading is extra
1. Working cycle of the engine
2. Petrol engines
3. Application of the two-stroke engine
4. Construction of the two-stroke engine
Gasoline (or petrol) engine is a type of engine which is used for automobiles and small mobile vehicles such as motorcycles and cars. The most common engine of this type is a four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine that burns gasoline (American usage) or petrol (British usage). The petrol engines in cars have four or more cylinders whose pistons are connected so as to turn a single crankshaft. To explain the working of the engine, one cylinder only needs to be considered. The cylinder in an engine is the space where the piston moves. The piston works up and down rather like the knees (колено) of a person pedaling a bicycle, and is connected to the crankshaft in much the same way. The connection between piston and crankshaft can clearly be seen in the illustration together with the valves – mushroom-shaped pieces of steel which move to open and close ports, or holes, at the top of the cylinder. The valves are opened at the correct moments against springs trying to keep them shut by machinery driven from the crankshaft. The cylinder head sits atop the cylinder and consists of a platform containing part of the combustion chamber and the location of the valves and spark plug. The spark plug is an electrical device that ignites compressed gasoline. Each movement of the piston from one end of the cylinder to the other is called a stroke. In a four-stroke engine only one stroke out of four does work. There are two-stroke engines. A typical simple two-stroke engine contains a cylinder, a spark plug, a piston, an exhaust port on one side of the cylinder, and an intake port on the other side.
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