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I. Прочтите и переведите текст “А”. Article III of the United States Constitution establishes the judicial branch as one of the three separate and distinct branches of the federal government
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Text A
U.S. COURTS
Article III of the United States Constitution establishes the judicial branch as one of the three separate and distinct branches of the federal government. The other two are the legislative and executive branches.
They often say that the federal courts are the guardians of the Constitution because their rulings protect rights and liberties guaranteed by the Constitution. Through fair and impartial judgments, the federal courts interpret and apply the law to resolve disputes. The courts do not make the laws. That is the responsibility of the Congress. The courts do not have the power to enforce the laws. That is the role of the President and the executive branch departments and agencies.
The Founding Fathers of the nation considered an independent federal judiciary essential to ensure fairness and equal justice for all citizens of the United States. The Constitution that they drafted promotes judicial independence in two major ways. First, federal judges are appointed for life. The society can remove a federal judge from office only through impeachment and conviction by Congress of “Treason, Bribery, or other high crimes and Misdemeanors.” Second, the Constitution provides that neither the President nor the Congress can reduce the salary of a federal judge during his continuance in office. These two protections help an independent judiciary to decide cases free from popular passions and political influence.
II. Найдите в тексте “А” предложения, отвечающие на следующие вопросы:
1. Какое определение дано судебной власти в статье III Конституции Соединенных Штатов?
2. Какие три ветви власти вы можете назвать в США?
3. Являются ли федеральные суды гарантами Конституции в США?
4. Каковы функции федерального суда в США?
5. Пишут ли суды законы?
6. Должен ли федеральный суд следить за соблюдением законов?
7. Считали ли отцы-основатели американской нации независимость судопроизводства важным фактором обеспечения справедливости и равного правосудия для всех граждан США?
8. Назначаются ли судьи федерального суда на должность пожизненно?
9. Каким образом судьи федерального суда могут быть сняты с должности?
10. Может ли заработная плата федерального судьи быть уменьшена в период пребывания в данной должности?
III. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова и выражения:
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| enforce laws; separate and distinct; to ensure fairness and equal justice; the guardians of the Constitution; a federal judge; legislative, executive and judicial; rights and liberties; to resolve disputes; judicial independence; for life; makes laws |
1. There are three … branches of the federal government: ….
2. The federal courts are … because their rulings protect … guaranteed by the Constitution.
3. The federal courts interpret and apply the law ….
4. The Congress …, the President and the executive branch departments and agencies ….
5. An independent federal judiciary is essential … for all citizens of the United States.
6. The US Constitution promotes … in two major ways.
7. Nobody can reduce the salary of … during his continuance in office.
8. Federal judges are appointed ….
IV. Переведите следующие словосочетания с русского языка на английский:
1. статья III Конституции Соединенных Штатов
2. судебная власть
3. законодательная власть
4. исполнительная власть
5. гарант Конституции
6.федеральный суд
7. защищать права и свободы
8. с помощью справедливых и беспристрастных решений
9. интерпретировать и применять законы
10. структуры и подразделения исполнительной власти
11. обеспечить справедливость и равное правосудие
12. обеспечить независимость судопроизводства
13. отцы-основатели американской нации
14. назначать пожизненно
15. снять с должности
16. уменьшить заработную плату
17. принять решение по делу
18. независимо от общественного мнения и политического давления
V. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения:
1. There, three, are, legislative, branches, federal, the, government, of, executive, judicial, and.
2. Federal, the, courts, the, guardians, the Constitution, are, of.
3. Protect, liberties, the federal courts, the rulings, rights, and, guaranteed by the Constitution, of.
4. Through, and, impartial, the federal courts, judgments, fair, interpret, apply, and, the law.
5. The courts, to enforce, do not, the power, have, the laws.
6. Тhe President, enforce, departments, the laws, and, the, branch, and, agencies, executive.
7. The US Constitution, independence, judicial, promotes, in two major ways.
VI. Найдите в тексте “А” и переведите на русский язык глаголы в форме 3л.ед.ч. в Present Simple.
VII. Заполните пропуски, используя глаголы, данные в скобках:
1. The US Constitution … (to establish) the judicial branch as one of the three separate and distinct branches of the federal government.
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2. The rulings of the federal courts … (to protect) rights and liberties guaranteed by the Constitution.
3. The federal courts … (to interpret) and … (to apply) the law through fair and impartial judgments.
4. The Congress … (to make) the laws, and the President and the executive branch departments and agencies … (to have) the power to enforce the laws.
5. An independent federal judiciary … (to ensure) fairness and equal justice for all citizens of the United States.
6. The US Constitution … (to promote) judicial independence in two major ways.
7. The US Constitution … (to provide) that neither the President nor the Congress can reduce the salary of a federal judge during his continuance in office.
8. The society … (to remove) a federal judge from office only through impeachment and conviction by Congress of “Treason, Bribery, or other high crimes and Misdemeanors.”
9. The judicial independence … (to help) to decide cases free from popular passions and political influence.
VIII. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. What are the branches of the federal government?
2. How does Article III of the US Constitution establish the judicial branch of the federal government?
3. Why are the federal courts the guardians of the US Constitution?
4. What are the functions of the federal courts in the USA?
5. Do the federal courts have the power to enforce the laws?
6. Did the Founding Fathers of the American nation consider an independent federal judiciary essential to ensure fairness and equal justice for all citizens of the United States?
7. How does the US Constitution promote judicial independence?
8. Can the society remove a federal judge from office?
9. Who can reduce the salary of a federal judge during his continuance in office?
IX. Подготовьте пересказ текста “А” на английском языке.
X. Прочтите и переведите текст “В”.
Text B
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