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I. Прочтите и переведите текст “а”. Courts in great Britain




 

Text A

COURTS IN GREAT BRITAIN

Someone commits a crime. If the police have enough evidence they charge the suspect. The policemen take the suspect to the Magistrates’ Court. If the crime is not very serious (for example, parking violation) the Magistrates’ Court can decide it. The Magistrates’ Courts try the majority of all criminal cases and some civil cases. Lay magistrates (also called justices of the peace – J.P.s) who work part-time and don’t get a salary usually preside at these courts. The courts consist of between 2 and 7 magistrates. In some large cities there are also stipendiary magistrates who sit alone and have legal training.

If the crime is serious (for example, a murder) the case goes to the Crown Court which deals with the most serious criminal cases and hears appeals from Magistrates’ Courts. The accused has the right to trial by jury there.

Civil cases (for example, divorce or bankruptcy) go to County Courts which are the main civil courts. The High Court hears those civil cases that the County Courts can’t decide.

The Court of Appeal hears both criminal and civil appeals. The House of Lords is the final appellate tribunal. The judges in the House of Lords are the ten “Lords of Appeal in Ordinary” (the “law lords”). Some cases go to the European Court of Human Rights. There are also juvenile courts for criminals under 17.

II. Найдите в тексте “А” предложения, отвечающие на следующие вопросы:

1. В каком суде обычно начинается рассмотрение уголовного дела в Великобритании?

2. При каких условиях полиция отправляет дело в магистратский суд?

3. Какие дела может рассматривать магистратский суд?

4. Кто является судьей в магистратском суде?

5. В какие инстанции, более высокие, чем магистратские суды, направляются серьезные уголовные дела? Дайте краткую характеристику функций и возможностей этих судов.

6. В какие инстанции, более высокие, чем магистратские суды, направляются серьезные гражданские дела? Дайте краткую характеристику функций и возможностей этих судов.

7. Каковы функции апелляционного суда?

8. Какова роль палаты лордов в судопроизводстве Великобритании?

9. Дела каких преступников рассматриваются в суде по делам несовершеннолетних?

 

III. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова и выражения:

commits; evidence; suspect; Magistrates’ Court; Crown Court; County Court; criminal and civil appeals; European Court of Human Rights; juvenile court; appellate tribunal

1. A criminal is a person who … a crime.

2. The police must have enough … to charge the suspect.

3. The police have evidence against the ….

4. A parking violation case usually goes to ….

5. A murder case usually goes to ….

6. A divorce case usually goes to ….

7. Cases of criminals under 17 go to ….

8. The Court of Appeal hears both ….

9. Some cases go to the ….

10. The House of Lords is the final ….

 

IV. Переведите следующие словосочетания с русского языка на английский:

полиция арестовывает преступника; совершать преступление; иметь достаточно улик; обвинять подозреваемого; вынести решение по делу; магистратский суд; разбирать в судебном порядке; уголовное дело; гражданское дело; мировой судья; работать неполный рабочий день; выносить решение по делу; нарушение правил парковки; иметь юридическое образование; обвиняемый; иметь право на суд присяжных; рассматривать апелляции; суд Короны; верховный суд; суд графства; апелляционный суд; банкротство; Европейский суд по правам человека; суд по делам несовершеннолетних

 

V. Составьте предложения, соединив левую и правую колонки:

 

1. If the policemen have enough evidence 2. If the crime is not very serious 3. Serious criminal cases 4. Magistrates’ Courts 5. Crown Courts 6. County Courts 7. Court of Appeal 8. High Court 9. House of Lords a) they charge the suspect. b) go to the Crown Courts. c) the Magistrates’ Court can decide it. d) deal with the most serious criminal cases e) try the majority of all criminal cases and some civil cases. f) are the main civil courts. g) hears all civil cases that County Courts cannot decide. h) is the final appellate tribunal. i) hears both criminal and civil appeals

 

VI. Найдите в тексте “А” и переведите на русский язык глаголы в форме 3 л.ед.ч. в Present Simple.

 

VII. Заполните пропуски, используя глаголы, данные в скобках:

1. A criminal … (to commit) a crime.

2. The policemen … (to have) evidence against the suspect.

3. The policemen … (to charge) the suspect.

4. The Magistrates’ Courts … (to try) the majority of all criminal cases and some civil cases.

5. If the crime … (not to be) very serious the Magistrates’ Court … (can) decide it.

6. A justice of the peace … (to work) part-time and … (not to get) a salary.

7. Stipendiary magistrates … (to sit) alone and … (to have) legal training.

8. The Crown Court … (to deal) with the most serious criminal cases and … (to hear) appeals from Magistrates’ Courts.

9. The accused … (to have) the right to trial by jury in the Crown Court.

10. The High Court … (to hear) those civil cases that the County Courts can’t decide.

11. The Court of Appeal … (to hear) both criminal and civil appeals.

12. The House of Lords … (to be) the final appellate tribunal.

13. Some cases … (to go) to the European Court of Human Rights.

14. Cases of criminals under 17 … (to go) to juvenile courts.

 

VIII. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What happens when someone commits a crime?

2. What do the police do if they have enough evidence?

4. What crimes do the Magistrates’ Courts decide?

5. What crimes do the Crown Courts decide?

6. What crimes do the County Courts decide?

7. What crimes does the High Court decide?

8. What are the functions of the Court of Appeal?

9. Is the House of Lords the final appellate tribunal? Who are the judges in the House of Lords?

10. Which Courts decide cases of criminals under 17?

 

IX. Подготовьте пересказ текста “А” на английском языке, используя таблицу.

Structure of Courts in England and Wales

HOUSE OF LORDS
COURT OF APPEAL COURT OF APPEAL
(criminal division) (civil division)
CROWN COURTS Judge 2 Magistrates Jury HIGH COURTS 1-3 judges COUNTY COURT Judge and Jury
MAGISTRATES’ COURT 3 Magistrates or 1 Stipendiary Magistrate MAGISTRATES’ COURT 3 Magistrates  

X. Прочтите и переведите текст “В”.

Text B

IN THE COURTROOM

In the courtroom there are several important people: the judge, the lawyers, the court reporter, the clerk, the bailiff. The judge judges the defendant. The lawyers prepare documents, witnesses, records, etc., for the case. The court reporter records every word during the trial. The clerk is responsible for all documents during the trial. The bailiff is responsible for the order in the courtroom. There is also the jury. During the trial the jury gives the verdict to the defendant: “guilty” or “not guilty”.

 

XI. Найдите в тексте “B” эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

в зале суда; судебный секретарь (the clerk); протоколист суда (the court reporter); судебный пристав (the bailiff); обвиняемый/подсудимый; свидетели; судебное заседание; отвечает/несет ответственность (за что-либо); выносит приговор; «виновен»; «невиновен»

 

XII. Найдите в тексте “В” предложения, отвечающие на следующие вопросы:

1. Какие ответственные лица принимают участие в судебном заседании?

2. Каковы их обязанности?

 

XIII. Прочтите и перескажите своим друзьям английские шутки:

The defence lawyer is cross-examining a witness. He asks, “So you say you called on Mrs.Adams on June 12. Could you tell the jury what she said?” “I object to the question,” interrupts the prosecutor. There is nearly an hour’s argument between the councels and finally the judge allows the question. The defence lawyer repeats his question and the witness replies, “Mrs. Adams said nothing. She was not at home.”

______________

a defence lawyer – адвокат защиты

to cross-examine smb – вести перекресный допрос

a witness - свидетель

to call on smb – зайти к кому-либо в гости, заглянуть, заскочить

object to smth – возражать против чего-либо

а prosecutor – прокурор

а judge – судья

* * *

Mr.Morton, a manager of a big company, always comes to his office in Manhattan in his own car.

One day he comes out of his office to go to a small restaurant for lunch and does not find his car in the parking lot. He phones the police who promise to find his car as soon as possible.

At the end of the working day when Mr. Morton leaves the company to go home he is greatly surprised to see his car in its place. When he gets into the car he sees on the seat two tickets to the theatre and a note: “Sorry for the trouble. We needed your car urgently.”

The tickets are very expensive and the performance is very popular. It is difficult to get tickets for this performance so Mr. Morton and his wife decide to go to the theatre.

When they return home they see that somebody came to their house while they were at the theatre. The thieves took all valuable things from their house.

______________

to promise – обещать

urgently – срочно

valuable things – ценные вещи

UNIT 8

JURY

Active vocabulary

Jury – суд присяжных

a juror – присяжный заседатель

ordinary people – обычные люди

selected at random – выбранные наугад

to serve the country – служить своей стране

a citizen – гражданин

fair – справедливый

honest – честный

offence – правонарушение

a resident – житель, обитатель, гражданин

to undertake – брать на себя

to take an oath – принять присягу

to give a true verdict – принять беспристрастное решение

 

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