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I. Прочтите и переведите текст “А”. Trial by jury is an old and important feature of English justice
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Text A
JURY
Trial by jury is an old and important feature of English justice. It is the main element in criminal trials in the Crown Court. Most categories of British residents must undertake jury service.
In the Crown Court trial in England there are twelve jurors. They are ordinary people between 18 and 70 who are selected at random. They don’t get money for their work. Jurors may know nothing about the law.
They listen to the case and decide: “guilty” or “not guilty”. The judge decides all questions of law. The jurors only decide the facts.
A jury is independent. Any attempt to interfere with a jury is a criminal offence.
If ten of the twelve agree – it is a decision. Jury service is an important job. The jurors serve their country and citizens. They must be fair and honest. The jurors take the oath to give a true verdict.
II. Найдите в тексте “А” предложения, отвечающие на следующие вопросы:
1. Сколько присяжных в английском суде?
2. Кто становится присяжным?
3. Как избираются присяжные?
4. Оплачивается ли работа присяжных?
5. Необходимо ли присяжным знание закона?
6. Кто решает все вопросы, связанные с законодательством?
7. Что и как решают присяжные?
8. Какими качествами должны обладать присяжные?
9. Какую присягу принимают присяжные?
III. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова и выражения:
| twelve; ordinary; the law; the facts; important; fair; honest |
1. There are … jurors.
2. They are … people.
3. Jurors may know nothing about ….
4. The jurors decide ….
5. Jury service is an … job.
6. Jurors must be … and honest.
IV. Переведите следующие словосочетания с русского языка на английский:
oбыкновенные люди; выбранные наугад; не получают денег; не разбираться в законах; слушать дело; служить своей стране; служить гражданам; быть справедливым и честным; принять присягу; вынести беспристрастное решение.
V. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова:
1. Twelve; there; jurors; are.
2. They; people; between; 17 and 70; are; ordinary.
3. Jurors; selected; are; at random.
4. Money; don’t get; work; their; for; they.
5. Law; about; know; nothing; jurors; can; the.
6. They; “guilty”; decide; “not guilty”; or.
7. The facts; the jurors; only; decide.
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8. Service; is; an; jury; job; important.
VI. Найдите в тексте “А” и переведите на русский язык глаголы в форме 3 л.ед.ч. в Present Simple.
VII. Заполните пропуски, используя глаголы, данные в скобках:
1. The jurors … (to be) ordinary people between 18 and 70.
2. They … (not to get) money for their work.
3. Jurors … (may) know nothing about law.
4. The judge … (to decide) questions of law.
5. The jurors … (to decide) the facts.
6. Jury service … (to be) an important job.
7. Jurors … (must) be fair and honest.
VIII. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. How manyjurors are there in a Crown Court trial in England?
2. What kind of people can jurors be?
3. Do the jurors get money for their work?
4. Must jurors know the law?
5. What does the judge decide?
6. What do the jurors decide?
7. Must the jurors be fair and honest?
8. What oath do the jurors take?
IX. Подготовьте пересказ текста “А” на английском языке.
X. Прочтите и переведите текст “В”.
Text B
THE ORIGIN OF THE JURY SYSTEM
Nobody knows exactly the origin of the jury system: perhaps, in old Europe, beginning with inquisition. Trial by jury begins in England by the Normans in 1066. We know ordeals in old Europe. Ordeal is a judgement of the truth. God decides who is guilty or not. The most common ordeal is by fire or water. For example, people say, a woman is a witch. They tie her arms and legs and drop her into the water. If the water takes her at once she is innocent. If not she is guilty.
In 1215, by the Catholic Church decision, the trial by ordeal is called superstition, and priests cannot take part in it. As a result, the jury system becomes a new method of trial.
The role of the jury now is to decide facts on the basis of what they hear in court.
XI. Найдите в тексте “B” эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:
знать точно; происхождение; возможно; инквизиция; суд присяжных; тяжелое испытание; «суд божий»; суд правды; испытание огнем или водой; ведьма; бросить в воду; невиновный; виновный.
XII. Найдите в тексте “В” предложения, отвечающие на следующие вопросы:
1. Известно ли точно происхождение суда присяжных?
2. Что такое «суд божий»?
XIII. Прочтите и перескажите своим друзьям английские шутки:
A jury consists of twelve persons who must decide who has the better lawyer.
_____________
to consist of – состоять из…
* * *
It is interesting to know that…
… the average life expectancy in Bangladesh is thirty-five years. Forty-five per cent of those who die are mothers and children. A child has only a fifty-fifty chance of living past five. Yet in this country only 11 per cent of the population visit doctors, at least once.
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… the average life expectancy for women in the United States is nearly twice what it was a hundred years ago.
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the average life expectancy – средняя продолжительность жизни
* * *
The jury acquits a man accused of stealing a watch on insufficient evidence. Outside the courtroom he comes up to his lawyer and asks, “What does this mean – to acquit?”
“It means,” says the lawyer, “that the court finds you innocent. You are free to go.”
“Does it mean that I can keep the watch?” asks the client.
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to acquit smb – оправдать кого-либо
a man accused of stealing a watch – мужчина, обвиняемый в краже часов
on insufficient evidence – за недостатком улик
innocent – невиновен
to keep the watch – зд. оставить в себя часы
UNIT 9
POLICE WORK
Active vocabulary
to control public order – контролировать общественный порядок
to prevent a crime – предотвратить преступление
to detect a crime – обнаружить преступление
to enforce laws – следить за соблюдением законов
the London Metropolitan Police – лондонская столичная полиция
similar organizations – подобные организации
to appear - появляться
well – known – хорошо известный
in pairs - парами
to keep law and order – охранять закон и порядок
a nickname - прозвище
an area – район
a separate police force – отдельное полицейское управление
to co-operate -взаимодействовать
to operate - действовать
senior – старший
to carry guns – носить оружие
on special occasions – по особым случаям
armed robbery – вооруженное ограбление
I. Прочтите и переведите текст “А”.
Text A
POLICE WORK
Police controls public order and prevents and detects crimes. The basic police mission is to enforce laws. The history of police forces in England began in 1829. The British police became the world’s first modern organized police force with the name the London Metropolitan Police. Soon similar organizations appeared in other countries.
The British police officer is a well-known figure. They walk in pairs down the streets or drive specially marked police cars. They keep law and order. “Bobbies” is one of their nicknames. “The cops” is another nickname.
In England each of 52 areas has its separate police force. The forces co-operate with each other but usually each force operates in its own area. Sometimes, if a crime is serious, a Chief Constable (the most senior police officer of a force) asks for the help of London’s Police force which is at Scotland Yard.
In most countries the police carry guns. In Britain they don’t. Only on special occasions, e.g. terrorism, armed robberies etc.
II. Найдите в тексте “А” предложения, отвечающие на следующие вопросы:
1. Чем занимается полиция?
2. Какова основная задача полиции?
3. Когда и где впервые была организована полиция?
4. Почему британский полицейский хорошо известен во всем мире?
5. Как организована полиция в Британии?
6. Вооружены ли британские полицейские?
III. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова и выражения:
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| сontrols; prevents; to enforce; well – known; walk in pairs; drive; nickname; senior; carry; on special occasions |
1. Police … public order.
2. Police … crime.
3. The basic police mission is … laws.
4. The British police officer is a … figure.
5. They … down the streets or … specially marked police cars.
6. “The cops” is their ….
7. Chief Constable is the most … police officer.
8. In most countries the police … guns.
9. In Britain the policemen carry guns only ….
IV. Переведите следующие словосочетания с русского языка на английский:
контролировать общественный порядок; предотвращать преступления; обнаружить преступление; следить за соблюдением закона; подобные организации; появляться в других странах; британский полицейский офицер; хорошо известная личность; прохаживаться парами по улицам; охранять закон и порядок; каждый район имеет отдельное полицейское управление; взаимодействовать друг с другом; действовать в своем собственном районе; Главный констебль; старший полицейский офицер; просить помощи; носить оружие; в особых случаях.
V. Соедините левую и правую колонки:
| 1) Police controls | a) to enforce laws. |
| 2) The history of police forces in England | b) a Chief Constable asks for the help of London’s Police force. |
| 3) The basic police mission is | c) public order. |
| 4) If the crime is serious | d) began in 1829. |
| 5) Similar organizations | e) down the streets. |
| 6) The British police officer | f) appear in other countries. |
| 7) They walk in pairs | g) has its separate police force. |
| 8) They drive | h) is a well – known figure. |
| 9) In England each area | i) with each other. |
| 10) The forces co-operate | j) specially marked police cars. |
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