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Распределите следующие слова и словосочетания в три группы: общенаучная лексика, общеотраслевая терминология, узкоспециальные термины. Найдите их русские соответствия.
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a) Theory, discount, monetary, manager, income, exchange rate, liquidity of money, function, currency, tax elasticity, creditworthiness, securities, opportunity costs, implication, issue, transition, external bond market, long -term investment, system, profitability, offshore banking, credit policy, board of governors, structure, competition, fact, effects, demand, Bank Rate, impact, connection, market, operation, to reduce, letter of credit, to prove, requirement, to divide, classification.
b) Theory, bauxite, liquid, manager, plastic, dimer, pyroxylin, function, currency, barbiturate, plastic, metal, bay salt, implication, issue, transition, thermochemistry, baric, system, conclusion, ternary (состоящий из трех равных частей), consideration, property, structure, competition, fact, effects, technology, bichromate (соль двухромовой кислоты), impact, connection, market, operation, to reduce, value, to prove, requirement, to divide, classification.
c) Theory, engineering, artificial intelligence, networks, function, Fourier analysis, machine language, differential equations, system, automation, solid-state electronics, class, semiconductor, device, concept, vacuum, instruction, software, word processing program, task, data storage, conclusion, hypothesis, avatar, share, issue, steam turbine, transmission, efficiency, central processing unit, magnatic- core memory, development, superconducting theory, vacuum tube, integration, codу.
ЗАДАНИЕ 4
Определите способы перевода следующих терминов и терминологических словосочетаний:
a) Total spending – общие расходы; oil-producing countries – страны, производящие нефть; income elasticity – эластичность по доходу; factor incomes – доход на факторы производства; fiscal drag – финансовый тормоз экономического роста с помощью налоговых изъятий; net investment – чистые инвестиции; tax burden – налоговое бремя; inflation – инфляция; cost-push inflation – инфляция, вызванная ростом издержек производства; hard currency – твердая валюта; marketmaker – брокерская фирма, постоянно котирующая ценные бумаги; stock-in-trade – товарная наличность.
b) Baryta – окись бария; bicarbonate – двууглекислый; dimethyl – этан; dyad – двухвалентный элемент; dysprosium – диспрозий; protoxide – закись; silicon – кремний; three phase process – трехфазный процесс; bauxide - боксит, алюминиевая руда; dimer – димер; bay salt – осадочная морская соль; dyad – двухвалентный элемент; hydrocarbon gases – газообразные углеводороды; two stage combustion – двухфазное горение; oxide-free - не содержащий окислов.
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c) Probability theory, secret code-breaking computer (компьютер-дешифровщик), high-level language (язык высокого уровня), rocket impact-point (точка нанесения удара ракетой), cross-country pipeline (магистральный нефтепровод), in-pile tests (внутриреакторные испытания), windbreak (лесозащитная полоса), oil-producing countries (страны, производящие нефть), fiscal drag (финансовый тормоз экономического роста с помощью налоговых изъятий), magnetic core memory (память на магнитных сердечниках).
ЗАДАНИЕ 5
Переведите тексты. Проанализируйте способы перевода терминов.
Текст 1
Science often means different things to different people. To many it means bodies of knowledge about the physical grouped under different subjects; to some it means research or the pursuit of truth; to some it means the development of technology intended to benefit mankind; and to others it means finding out, experimenting, measuring. These are all different aspects of science, as the knowledge, experimenting, technology, etc., have all been produced by what could be called the “the process of science”. Environmental problems are just one aspect of life to which science can be applied, but they are quite urgently in need of solution. Some science concepts are particularly relevant in the solving of environmental issues. Among them are energy, ecosystem, resources, food, pollution, human population.
Текст 2
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MARKETS
The stock market is two markets in one: a primary market and a secondary market.
A primary market is one in which the government, companies or others can sell new securities to investors to raise cash.
A secondary market is a market in which the investors can buy and sell these securities among each other. The baying and the selling in the secondary market does not directly affect the finances of government and companies. But if investors did not know they could buy and sell securities in the secondary market they might well be reluctant to put up cash for the government or companies by buying securities in the primary market when they were first issued…
БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ СПИСОК
1. Алимов, А. В. Теория перевода. Перевод в сфере профессиональной коммуникации: учебное пособие / А. В. Алимов. Изд. 4-е, испр. - М.: Ком Книга, 2006.
2. Климзо Б. Ремесло технического переводчика. Об английском языке, переводе и переводчиках научно- технической литературы / Б. Климзо. – М.: «Р. Валент», 2003. – 288 с.
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3.Нелюбин Л. Л. Толковый переводоведческий словарь / Л. Л. Нелюбин. – 3-е изд., перераб. – М.: Флинта: Наука, 2003. – 320 с.
Семинар 9
ТЕМА: ПЕРЕВОД СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЙ
ЗАДАНИЕ 1
1. Дайте определение понятия «свободное словосочетание».
2. Назовите основные способы перевода свободных словосочетаний.
3. Дайте определение понятия «связанное словосочетание».
4. Назовите основные способы перевода связанных словосочетаний с английского языка на русский.
5. Назовите структурно-семантические особенности препозитивно-атрибутивных словосочетаний в английском языке.
ЗАДАНИЕ 2
Распределите следующие словосочетания по группам в зависимости от способа их перевода.
Public debt (государственный долг); European security (безопасность в Европе); working expectancy (ожидаемая продолжительность трудовой деятельности); stone wall (стена из камня); stateless citizen (человек без гражданства); public scandal (публичный скандал); space program (программа космических исследований); terrorist trial (суд над террористами); we had a good meal (мы хорошо пообедали); commercial revolution (революция в сфере рынка).
ЗАДАНИЕ 3
Переведите следующие предложения, содержащие атрибутивные словосочетания «существительное + существительное»:
1.The IMF experts have recommended to raise cost recovery ratios in communal services to 50 %.
2. A requirements document should specify only the external behavior.
3. In addition to the organizational approach, chief programmer team operations are based on two major innovative disciplines.
4. Experience shows that work study does in fact provide one of the most valuable means of improving production efficiency.
5. They have used the conventional crystal growth method.
6. They have used the temperature controlled system.
7. The cold light source lamps operate at low power levels.
ЗАДАНИЕ 4
Распределите следующие словосочетания по группам «образные фразеологизмы» и «необразные фразеологизмы»:
At any rate; as early as; to talk shop; in charge of; red herring; red tape; at the rate of; a Jack of all trades; a bed of roses; in addition to; to show one’s teeth; lion’s share; to play with fire; in response to; in spite of; to shed crocodile tears; East or West – home is best; over and over (again); in time; in case of; with regard to.
ЗАДАНИЕ 5
Переведите текст, обращая внимание на различные типы словосочетаний:
TECHNOLOGY
Technology is a broad concept that deals with a species' usage and knowledge of tools and crafts, and how it affects a species' ability to control and adapt to its environment. In human society, it is a consequence of science and engineering, although several technological advances predate the two concepts. Technology is a term with origins in the Greek " technologia ", " τεχνολογία " — " techne ", " τέχνη " ("craft") and " logia ", " λογία " ("saying"). However, a strict definition is elusive; "technology" can refer to material objects of use to humanity, such as machines, hardware or utensils, but can also encompass broader themes, including systems, methods of organization, and techniques. The term can either be applied generally or to specific areas: examples include "construction technology", "medical technology", or "state-of-the-art technology". People's use of technology began with the conversion of natural resources into simple tools. The prehistorical discovery of the ability to control fire increased the available sources of food and the invention of the wheel helped humans in travelling in and controlling their environment. Recent technological developments, including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet, have lessened physical barriers to communication and allowed humans to interact on a global scale. However, not all technology has been used for peaceful purposes; the development of weapons of ever-increasing destructive power has progressed throughout history, from clubs to nuclear weapons.
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Technology has affected society and its surroundings in a number of ways. In many societies, technology has helped develop more advanced economies (including today's global economy) and has allowed the rise of a leisure class. Many technological processes produce unwanted by-products, known as pollution, and deplete natural resources, to the detriment of the Earth and its environment. Various implementations of technology influence the values of a society and new technology often raises new ethical questions. Examples include the rise of the notion of efficiency in terms of human productivity, a term originally applied only to machines, and the challenge of traditional norms.
БИБЛИОРАФИЧЕСКИЙ СПИСОК
1. Бреус, Е. В. Основы теории и практики перевода с русского языка на английский: учеб. пособие / Е. В. Бреус. – М.: Изд-во УРАО, 1998. – 300 с.
2. Гуськова, Т. И., Зиборова, Г. М. Трудности перевода общественно -политического текста с английского языка на русский: учебное пособие / Т. И. Гуськова, Г. М. Зиборова. – 3-е изд., испр. и доп. На англ. яз. – М.: «Российская политическая энциклопедия», 2000. – 228 с.
3. Голикова, Ж. А. Перевод с английского на русский: учеб. пособие / Ж. А. голикова. – М.: Новое знание, 2005. – 286 с.
4. Казакова, Т. А. Практические основы перевода. English ↔ Russian. / Серия: Изучаем иностранные языки. – СПб.: «Издательство Союз», – 2000. – 320с.
5. Рубцова, Г. В. Чтение и перевод английской научно-технической литературы / Г. В. Рубцова. – М.: Новое знание, 2002. – 365 с.
Семинар 10
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