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Atrial fibrillation. Medical humor. Medical slang. The blood
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ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Phonetic exercise: atrial fibrillation [‘eitriə l, faibri’lei∫ n], heart rhythm [‘ha: t ‘rið m], arrhythmia [ə ’riθ miə ], chamber [‘t∫ eimbə ], chambers [‘t∫ eimbə z], upper atria [‘Λ pə ‘eitriə ], epidemiology [‘epi, di: mi’ 
lə d3i], pressure [‘pre∫ ə ], mitral [‘maitrə l], congestive heart failure [kə n’d3estiv ‘ha: t ‘feiljə ], thyroid [‘θ air id], esophageal [, is ’fə d3i: ə Il, version [‘və: ∫ n]
Make a report on atrial fibrillation according to the plan below:
Definition: the most common cardiac arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm); involves the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart.
Epidemiology of AF: Approximately 2. 2 million individuals in the United States and 4. 5 million in the European Union.
Causes: hypertension (high blood pressure); coronary artery disease, mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), pericarditis, congenital heart disease, previous heart surgery, lung diseases (such as pneumonia, lung cancer, pulmonary embolism), excessive alcohol consumption, hyperthyroidism, carbon monoxide poisoning, a family history, etc.
Symptoms, signs, clinical manifestations, clinical features: rapid and irregular heart rates, palpitations, exercise intolerance, shortness of breath; AF may be asymptomatic in many cases.
Evaluation:
History: a personal medical history, a family history, a medication history, an occupational history, a professional history, an environmental history, etc.
Physical examination: observation, palpation, percussion, and auscultation
Instrumental evaluation: ECG, transthoracic echocardiogram, trans-esophageal echocardiography, cardiorespiratory monitoring, routine bloodwork, evaluation of the heart rate response to exercise, exercise stress testing, a chest x-ray, , and other studies.
Treatment: anticoagulation medications: aspirin, heparin, warfarin, and dabigatran; intravenous magnesium; beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, cardiac glycosides; cardioversion: a noninvasive conversion of an irregular heartbeat to a normal heartbeat using electrical or chemical means.
MEDICAL HUMOR
“Your heart is in great shape, but I’d recommend transplanting all of your other body parts”.
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“You have a heart murmur and I’m starting to hear your liver and kidneys complain too “.
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- “De Do Do Do, De Da Da Da…” – “I think your heart’s sending out an S. O. S. ”
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Doctor to his patient, “Irregular heartbeat. Due to irregular exercise. ”
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Doctor to his patient, “An aspirin a day will help prevent a heart atack if you have it for lunch instead of a cheeseburger. ”
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A man needing a heart transplant is told by his doctor that the only heart available is that of a sheep. The man finally agrees and the doctor transplants the sheep heart into the man.
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A few days after the operation, the man comes in for a checkup.
The doctor asks him " How are you feeling? "
The man replies " Not BAAAAD! "
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ECG of a student - NORMAL HEART- _, ". _/\_, ". _/\, _, ", _/\_
EXAM TIME- _/|_/|_/|_/|_/|_/|_ &
WHEN RESULTS ARE ANNOUNCED- _____________
MEDICAL SLANG
Toaster – a defibrillator.
A's and B's - apnea and bradycardia... sometimes, particularly when referring to a neonate
THE BLOOD
Phonetic exercise: blood [bl 
d], circulating tissue [‘s 
: kjuleitiŋ ‘tisju: ], supply [sə ’plai], oxygen [‘ ksid3ə n], glucose [‘glu: kous], fluid [‘fluid], plasma [‘plæ zmə ], carbon dioxide [‘k 
bə n dai’ ksaid], lactic acid [‘læ ktik ‘æ sid], marrow [‘mæ rou], erythrocytes [i’ri: θ rə saits], leukocytes [‘lju: kə saits], thrombocytes [‘θ r mbə saits], platelets [‘pleitlets], proteins [‘proutiinz], albumin [‘æ lbju: min], immunoglobulins [i, mju: nə u’globjulin], anaemia [ə ’ni: miə ], leukaemia [lju: ’ki: miə ], haemophilia [, hi: mou’filiə ]
Make a report on the blood according to the plan below:
Definition: circulating tissue.
Functions: first(ly), to supply nutrients (oxygen, glucose) and constitutional elements to tissues and second(ly), to remove waste products (such as carbon dioxide and lactic acid).
Location: in blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries).
Production: produced in the bone marrow
Structure: fluid plasma and cells.
The main three groups of blood cells: red blood cells or erythrocytes; white blood cells or leukocytes and platelets or thrombocytes.
Erythrocytes: red blood cells; not true cells, lack a nucleus; 96% of blood cells; normal erythrocyte count: 4. 0-5. 0 million erythrocytes per cubic millimeter; the main functions: to contain haemoglobin and to distribute oxygen.
Leukocytes: white blood cells; true cells, have a nucleus; 3. 0% of blood cells; normal leukocyte count: 4, 000-9, 000 leukocytes per cmm; the main function: to fight against infections.
Thrombocytes: blood platelets; not true cells; 1% of blood cells; normal thrombocyte count: 180, 000- 320, 000 per cmm.; function: blood clotting, or coagulation
Blood plasma: 96% of water, 4% of blood plasma proteins: albumin; blood clotting factors; immunoglobulins, and other components
Volume: 4. 7 - 5 liters; plasma: 2. 7-3 liters
The most common diseases: anaemia, leukaemia, haemophilia, von Willebrand disease, etc.
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