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Participle I, II; the Gerund
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Vocabulary
character (n.) – знак, символ
decision (n.) – решение
design (v.) – конструировать, разрабатывать
device (n.) – прибор, устройство
digital (adj.) – цифровой
due to – благодаря, вследствие, в результате
enhance (v.) – увеличивать, усиливать, расширять
equipment (n.) – оборудование
exchange (n.) – обмен
hardware (n.) – аппаратные средства, оборудование, «железо»
intelligence (n.) – интеллект
lap (n.) – колени
manner (n.) – способ
manufacture (n.) – производство
numerical (adj.) – числовой
palm (n.) – ладонь
procedure (n.) – процедура, порядок действий, набор команд
raw material – сырье
receive (v.) – получать
recreation (n.) – отдых
refine (v.) – очищать
respond (v.) – реагировать, отзываться
satellite (n.) – спутник
software (n.) – программное обеспечение
I. Read and translate the text.
What is a Computer?
Computer is an electronic device that can receive a programme (a set of instructions) and then carry out this programme by calculating numerical information.
The modern world of high technology is possible mainly due to the development of the computer. Computers have opened up a new era in manufacture by means of automation, and they have enhanced modern communication systems.
A computer system is a combination of five elements: hardware, software, people, procedure and data / information. Hardware is a device made up of a combination of mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical components. It has no intelligence by itself. Hardware comes in many configurations, depending what the computer system is designed to do. It can fill several floors of a large office building or can fit on your lap or palm.
When completing a job a computer requires more than just the actual equipment we see and touch. It requires software – programmes for directing the operation of a computer. Without having software instruction, the hardware does not know what to do.
People, however, are the most important component of the computer system: they create the computer software instructions and respond to the procedures that those instructions present.
The basic job of the computer is the processing of information. Computers accept information in the form of instruction called a programme and characters called data to perform mathematical and logical operations, and then give the results. The data is raw material while information is organized, processed, refined and useful for decision making. Computer is used to convert data into information. It is also used to store information in the digital form.
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When one computer system is set up to communicate with another one, connectivity becomes the sixth system element. In other words the manner in which the various individual systems are connected – for example, by phone lines, microwave transmission, or satellite – is an element of the total computer system.
Millions of people around the world use the Internet to search for information including such areas as science, technology, business, politics, and recreation. People communicate through electronic mail (e-mail), discussion groups, chat channels, and other means of informational exchange.
II. Read the following international words and give their Russian equivalents.
Electronic, programme, instruction, information, to calculate, to manufacture, combination, procedure, component, intelligence, configuration, to design, office, actual, mathematical, logical, to convert, individual, transmission, politics, discussion.
III. Try to translate the words given in the columns below. Make with them the sentences of your own.
| Noun | Verb |
| act | to act |
| cause | to cause |
| change | to change |
| charge | to charge |
| flow | to flow |
| force | to force |
| form | to form |
| place | to place |
| rise | to rise |
| start | to start |
| study | to study |
| transfer | to transfer |
| work | to work |
IV. Add the negative prefix and translate each word into Russian:
1. dis- to charge, to continue, order, to place, advantage, satisfaction.
2. in- attentive, capable, complete, dependent, formal.
3. il- (перед l) logical, legal, literate.
4. ir- (перед r) regular, relevant, reversible.
5. im-(перед m, b, p) mobile, miscible, perfect, probable, balance.
6. mis- to take, to understand, to do, to name.
7. non- living, effective, metal, nuclear, sense.
8. un- known, natural, certain, fortunately, common, equal,
even, like.
V. Underline the odd word in each group. Explain the choice.
| a. software | b. warehouse | c. information | d. hardware |
| a. machine | b. device | c. element | d. equipment |
| a. to get | b. to obtain | c. to process | d. to receive |
| a. phone line | b. satellite | c. air-mail | d. e-mail |
VI. Complete each sentence with a word from the box:
| information, hardware, processing, enhanced, raw material, intelligence |
1. The main job of the computer is the... of information.
2. Computers have … modern communication systems.
3.... can fit on your lap or palm.
4. The data are... which computers convert into....
5. Hardware has no... by itself.
VII. Answer the following questions to the text.
1. What do we call a computer programme?
2. What do we call data?
3. How many elements does a computer include? What are they?
4. What is the main task of a computer?
5. What can we regard as the sixth element of the computer system?
6. How do people use the Internet?
VIII. Read the text again. Decide if the following information is true, false or there is no such information in the text.
1. Computer hardware was developed earlier than software.
2. Robots are the most important component of a computer system.
3. The data processing is the basic job of computers.
4. The Internet is widely used for recreation.
Unit 13
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