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Principles of hardening. Types and methods of hardening. a) Pouring of the water in starting water temperature is 2° lower than the temperature of the body (33-34°) every 2 days you have to reduce The water temperature by 1-2°, the finial temperature
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Principles of hardening
1. Systematically - (continuously).
2. Gradually - periodically increasing the powerof irritant factor.
3. Individually - the power andthe character of the methods depend upon the child.
4. More than one exercise in the same time.
5. There must be positive reaction and emotion of the child.
6. The baby must supervised by the family doctor.
Training: Improvement the capability of the body to do any
exercise as much as possible with little outlay.
The influence of Hardening:
b) local: as Pouring of the water
c) General as streaming of the bodywith wet towel and swimming.
Types and methods of hardening
1. with water
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| Picture 9. Pouring of the water |
a) Pouring of the water in starting water temperature is 2° lower than the temperature of the body (33-34°) every 2 days you have to reduce The water temperature by 1-2°, the finial temperature of the water is 15-16°.
b) Swimming. You have to start when the temperature of the water is about 22°. Starting time - 5 minutes, finial time 20 minutes.
3. Sunlight. The starting time 5 min. You have to increase the time about 5 min Each day, finial time - 30-45 min. Time of tempen-ing - 10 p. m. or 16 a. m.
4. Air bath. ( exposure of the body), starting temperature of the air in the room should be 18-19°, finial temperature 14-15°, in starting time 2-3 minute and you have to increase the time every day from 1-2 min. Finial time in winter 15 min, in summer 30 minute's
4. Massage and gymnastics. The temperature of the room 18-20°. Doctors must check the health of the baby before hardening.
The result of Hardening:
1. Specific: to improve the defence reaction of the body aga& st external factors.
2. Non specific: to improve the immune system of the body against infections. There is no any contraindication against Hardening of children's, except the period of acute illness
Evaluation the results of Hardening,
1 - Evaluation the growth and development of baby
2 - To check blood pressure and pulse occasionally
3 - To check the thermoregulation of the child body.
Exercise
Baby 3 years old needs hardening.
1. Typesof hardening with water?
2. Instructions.
A numbers of children's - age about 4-5 years need hardening.
1. Your recommendation
2. Instructions of the methods
CHILD'S HOSPITAL
The area of the hospital should be:
a) Healthy locality and not closed to a factory or an in sanitari place
b) Protect the child against the negative influence of externalfactors
c) Prevention of inter hospital infection (cross infection)
d) Safety hospital environment.
The space of the area depend upon the system of planning, the numbers of the beds, and speciality of the hospital.
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Table 15. The space of hospital's area.
| No of beds | Space for one bed (m2) |
| 300-400 | |
| 500-600 |
The particular feature of child hospital:
1. Age differentiation of the department
For children's of one year age - 24 beds,
For oldest children - 30 beds
2. Complementary beds for mothers
3. Special classroom for schoolchildren
4. Special playroom for children
Interhospital infection (cross infection)
There are numbers of infections spread in the hospital as infectional infection and infection of respiratory system.
The cause of cross infection:
1. Patient with chronic diseases
2. Bad sanitary situation in hospital
3. The carriers
4. The medical staff
Prophylactic of cross infections in hospital
1. Good sanitary and hygienic regimen in hospital
2. Sterilisation of the instruments and bandages
3. Should be fully natural lighting of the department
4. The microclimate should be at the recommended level
5. Using the UV-rays lamp for disinfection of the air
6. Chemical and bacteriological analysis of the air must be don periodically.
7. Using the natural and artificial ventilation's
NATURAL HAZARDS AND MEDICINE OFCATASTROPHE.
Catastrophe: any incident in certain areas which may result in death or trauma of population, economic hazards with the environmental pollution.
Character:
• if suffer more than 15 persons
• if die more than 4 persons
• if taken ill more than 50 persons in the same time
Hygiene of catastrophe: Science of evaluation the sanitary and hygeinic problems, as out break after catastrophe, to master these problems and to preserve live and health distressed population in that area.
Medicine of catastrophe: medical services to master the results of catastrophe and express primary health care in the area of hazards. The results of catastrophe depend upon.
1. Types of externals factors
a) Mechanical factors - as Electro-trauma
b) Physical factors - as radiation, noise and vibration
c) Chemical factors
d) High and low temperatures
e) Biological factors - as infectious diseases
f) Artificial factors - transport incident
g) Social factors - unemployment, starvation.
2. Climate and geographical situation
3. Age of population
4. Economic status of the area
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