Английский алфавит. English Sounds. • What two letters follow the following letters?. • Name the last five letters of the alphabet.

Английский алфавит

Aa	[eɪ ]		Hh	[eɪ tʃ ]		Oo	[ou]		Vv	[viː ]
Bb	[bɪ ]		Ii	[aɪ ]		Pp	[piː ]		Ww	['dʌ bljuː ]
Cc	[sɪ ː ]		Jj	[dʒ eɪ ]		Qq	[kjuː ]		Xx	[eks]
Dd	[diː ]		Kk	[keɪ ]		Rr	[ɑ ː ]		Yy	[waɪ ]
Ee	[iː ]		Ll	[el]		Ss	[es]		Zz	[zed]
Ff	[ef]		Mm	[em]		Tt	[tiː ]
Gg	[dʒ iː ]		Nn	[en]		Uu	[juː ]

 

English Sounds

Звуки английского языка

Гласные:    [eɪ ], [æ ], [ɑ ː ], [ə ], [iː ], [ɪ ], [e], [ə ː ], [ɔ ː ], [ɔ ], [juː ], [uː ], [u], [ʌ ], [aɪ ], [au], [ɔ ɪ ], [ou], [ɪ ə ], [ɛ ə ], [uə ].

Согласные: [b], [d], [f], [ɡ ], [dʒ ], [ʒ ], [h], [j], [k], [l], [m], [n], [ŋ ], [θ ], [ð ], [p], [r], [ʃ ], [s], [t], [tʃ ], [v], [w], [z].

Для успешной работы с англо-русским словарем необходимо твердое знание последовательности расположения букв в английском алфавите. Выполняя приведенные ниже упражнения, проверьте свое знание английского алфавита. Сделайте выводы!

 

• Rewrite the vowels and the consonants in the alphabetical order:

1. I, E, Y, A, O, U	_____________________________________
2. F, В, H, J, M, L, D, G, К, C	_____________________________________

• What two letters follow the following letters?

B, …, …, G, …, …, F, …, …, H, …, …, L, …, …, S, …, …, T, …, …, W, …, …

• Name the last five letters of the alphabet.

Слова в словаре даются в их исходной форме: для имени существительного - общий падеж; для прилагательного и наречия - положительная степень (сравнения); для глагола - инфинитив (неопределенная форма).

Исходную форму слова мы устанавливаем, отбрасывая его грамматическое окончание. Это могут быть словоизменительные суффиксы -(e)s, -(e)r, -(e)st, -(e)d, -ing.

Как и русское, английское слово многозначно. В словарях обычно приводятся несколько значений слова. Иногда их количество весьма велико (см., к примеру, такие многозначные слова, как take, set, get, put). Наша задача - выбрать из данных значений то, которое соответствует контексту. Однако среди значений, данных в словаре, такового может и не быть! В этом случае надо самому найти нужное русское слово, осмыслив его значение в контексте. Если в словаре отсутствует производное слово, надо выбрать его корневую основу, отбросив суффиксы и приставки. К примеру, слово uselessness имеет три компонента: корень use (польза), отрицательный суффикс прилагательного -less и суффикс существительного -ness, имеющий абстрактное значение. При переводе получаем существительное бесполезность, ненужность, заметим, что значение отрицания в русском слове часто передается приставкой бес-.

 

Texts and Assignments

Тексты и задания

1. Read the text and find in it the answers to the questions that follow it.

An electric cell supplies electric energy provided its electrodes are of different materials. In case the electrodes are of the same material they become charged but there is no difference of potential across the terminals. Iron and zinc plates are commonly used for producing negative electrodes since these materials produce a high charge. Carbon is commonly used to produce positive electrodes.

The voltage output of cells in use nowadays is from 1 to 2 V. The value of the output depends only on the materials used for the electrodes. Besides, it depends on the electrolyte of a cell. It does not depend on the size of a cell and its construction, while the current capacity of a cell depends on the size of the electrodes. The larger the size of the electrodes, the more current capacity they can supply. When the size of the electrodes is increased the current capacity also increases while the voltage output does not increase. Such is the relation between the size of the electrodes and the current capacity.

1. What element is described in the text?

2. In what case does a cell supply energy?

3. What materials are commonly used for producing negative electrodes?

4. Explain why iron and zinc are used.

5. What is the voltage output of cells in use nowadays?

6. What does the value of the output depend on?

7. What is the relation between the size of the electrodes and the current capacity?

8. Give the title to the text.

 

2. Read the text and find in it the answers to the questions that follow it.

The capacity of a capacitor is measured in farads. A capacitor has a capacity of one farad when a charge of one coulomb increases the potential between its plates by one volt.

The capacity depends on four things:

first, the higher the voltage used to charge the capacitor the more energy it will store;

second, the larger the size of plates and the greater their number the more energy will be stored;

third, the closer are the positive and negative plates the greater is the charge;

fourth, some insulators store greater charge than others.

1. What does the capacity of a capacitor depend on?

2. Give the title to the text.

 

3. Read the text and find in it the answers to the questions that follow it.

Wattmeter

A wattmeter is used to measure the value of power. It is connected to the circuit directly. A wattmeter consists of coils: two fixed coils and a coil which moves in the magnetic field produced by the fixed coils. Wire used for the coils must have a high resistance; the fixed coils are in series with the load, the moving coil is connected across the line in series with a resistance. When a wattmeter is used, the readings on its scale show the value of power being used.

1. What is the wattmeter used for?

2. What does it consist of?

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