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The Participle. Причастие. 36. Copy the sentences below and underline participles. Say what forms of participles are used. Translate the examples into Russian in writing.
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The Participle
Причастие
В английском языке имеется пять форм причастия:
| Active | Passive | |
| Participle I | using | being used |
| Participle II | - | used |
| Perfect Participle | having used | having been used |
36. Copy the sentences below and underline participles. Say what forms of participles are used. Translate the examples into Russian in writing.
1. The energy lost in the capacitor appears in the form of heat being generated in the dielectric.
2. The problem being discussed is of no great importance for practice.
3. The generators constructed at the plant have no commutators.
4. The code widely used is called Morse code.
5. While passing through the conductor, resistance results in the production of heat.
6. Having been insulated with polythene, the line was tested under unfavourable conditions.
7. Having made a number of tests, the researcher got some useful results.
8. Having been tested under different conditions, the motors were put to use.
9. When being rubbed, some substances produce electric charges.
10. Decelerating trains and descending elevators use negative, or braking, torque.
11. In what way is the transmitter controlled in an amplitude-modulated system?
37. Say which -ing and -ed forms are parts of the predicates and which are participles.
1. Water-turbine plants are called hydroturbines.
2. The measures discussed are to be used for determining the faults in the conducting wires.
3. The transmission system selected for everyday use is based on the combined activity of telecommunication and computers.
4. Being a semiconductor, germanium is widely used in transistors.
3. Switch board is an assemblage of controlling and indicating devices mounted upon a frame.
6. The data obtained formed the basis for further activity.
7. Gas coolants used to remove heat losses help to increase the current- carrying capacity of the motor’s main parts.
8. Water power is being used to drive a dynamo.
9. Nuclear fuel is undergoing nuclear fission.
38. Which of the examples contain the Nominative Absolute Construction? Underline «the doer» in the constructions.
1. The reflected signal having been received, the distance to the object was counted.
2. Having been impregnated, paper is used as resistor.
3. What is an electric arc? It is a discharge accompanied by a temperature of over 3, 000°C, produced when an electric current flows through a gap between two electrodes, the current being carried by the vapour of the electrode.
4. Various kinds of windings used depend on the type of building and location. The supplies required include metal conduits, boxes, fuses, and other elements.
3. Other factors being constant, the current is known to be directly proportional to conductivity.
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The Gerund
Герундий
Герундий имеет четыре формы:
| Active | Passive | |
| Indefinite | supplying | being supplied |
| Perfect | having supplied | having been supplied |
39. What are the forms of the gerund in the examples given below? Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Programming is the process of preparing, testing and correcting instructions for a computer.
2. Is any metal capable of being drawn out into a wire?
3. After having been subjected to severe testing the material was recommended for use.
4. A motor-starter is a device for starting motors from rest by the simple act of closing the switch.
5. A constant speed of the device is maintained by supplying it with energy.
6. Steam is an important factor in producing usable energy because of the power being created by its expansion.
7. One of the problems modem research laboratories are working at is the problem of finding materials that can serve as electrical conductors in fusion reactors.
8. On having lost some of its electrons, the atom has a positive charge.
40. Use Participle I, Participle II or the Gerund of the verb in brackets and translate the sentences.
1. (Cool) an electric conductor results in its reduced resistance to electric current.
2. What is the name of an (insulate) material (use) to prevent an electric shock?
3. The (apply) technique brought about quite unexpected results.
4. Mica is used as a dielectric due to (have) high voltage strength.
5. The world’s first tidal power station, a plant on the Ranсe River in France, began (operate) in 1966.
6. Solar energy has been converted to electricity by (use) solar cells, which are semiconductor devices (produce) from thin slices of silicon.
The Subjunctive Mood
Сослагательное наклонение
41. Read the following sentences, containing the Subjunctive Mood forms. Which of the sentences refer to the Present (the Future) and which to the Past?
1. Zero-resistance transmission lines would be very economical!
2. Without these means of communication the scientists would have great difficulties in observing man-made satellites.
3. If thin wires had been used in this device the wires would have melted.
4. If the operators had used some additional components they would have been able to actuate the relay.
5. We know a moving magnet to induce a current in a wire, the effect being stronger if the wire were in the form of a coil.
6. It was a job one could have done much better.
7. Without the Sun there would be no light, no heat, no energy of any kind.
8. Oxygen is an element of greatest importance to the Earth as all living things would die without it.
9. If it were not for lasers a great number of technological developments would not have taken place.
10. In some hot countries the use of only one percent of the solar energy would serve an enormous source of energy.
11. No subject is more surprising than magnetism; what would you think if you found that on mixing ebonite and bakelite in some definite proportions a good conductor is formed or that a mixture of copper and iron forms a good insulator?
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