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Найдите и выпишите из текста 2 предложения, содержащие причастие. Определите формы и функции причастия. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
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Найдите и выпишите из текста 2 предложения, содержащие герундий. Определите формы и функции герундия. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
Абзацы 3-6 переведите письменно.
Задание № 1
Вариант 2
1. Измените число следующих существительных, произведя все необходимые изменения:
а) единственное число на множественное: a crisis, a committee, a purpose, a tooth, an authority, a branch, a serviceman, a child;
б) множественное число на единственное: countries, rules, potatoes, lives, representatives, justices, cases, policemen.
Поставьте все личные местоимения в объектном падеже и напишите соответствующие им формы притяжательных местоимений.
3. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных: positive, dangerous, short, necessary, high, old, far, near.
Прочитайте и переведите текст №1. Абзацы 2, 3 переведите письменно.
Текст №1
Canada
1. Canada is situated in North America, occupying all of the continent north of the United States except Alaska. The second largest country in the world, with the capital in Ottawa, Canada is bordered in the north by the Arctic Ocean, in the east by the Atlantic Ocean, in the south by the United States, and in the west by the Pacific Ocean and Alaska. It has many lakes and rich in minerals. Canada’s many rivers include the St. Lawrence, the Mackenzie and the Yukon. Climate, while generally temperate, varies from freezing winter cold to glistering summer heat. In 1990 the population of Canada was about 27 million people. About 40% are of British origin and 30% of French origin. The “Open Door” policy of immigration which began in the 1890s has meant that Canada’s population is varied. English and French are both official languages, but 20% of the population speak only French, while 13% speak both French and English. Tensions between French-speaking Quebec and the other nine provinces where English is the majority language remain high.
2. Canada is a federative state consisting of ten provinces and two territories. Head of state: Queen of Britain, represented by Governor-General. Prime Minister is the head of the government. Parliament consists of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The Senate consists of a maximum of 104 members, appointed until the age of 75 by the Governor-General on the advice of the Prime Minister. The House of Commons has 282 members elected for five years.
3. In XX century Canada became an industrial country with highly developed, intensive agriculture. Since the Second World War more people have worked in manufacturing than in agriculture. But farming is still important: cereal, dairy products, fruit, wool, fur. One of the most important industries is the manufacture of wood pulp and paper. Canada has rich fishing ground. Canada became independent of Britain only to find herself more dependent on the United States than she has been on Britain. It is a unique country: its economy has features of advanced capitalist states and also of the dependent countries.
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5. Выполните лексико-грамматические задания на базе текста №1:
5.1. Выпишите из текста эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений: граничить; занимать площадь; население; умеренный климат; иметь какое-либо происхождение; политика "открытых дверей"; государственный язык; состоять из; назначать; глава правительства; палата общин; федеративное государство.
Выпишите из текста 2 предложения, содержащие сказуемое в активном залоге. Подчеркните сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму. Измените предложения таким образом, чтобы сказуемое имело все возможные грамматические формы.
Выпишите из текста 2 предложения, содержащие сказуемое в пассивном залоге. Подчеркните сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
Прочитайте текст №2.
Текст №2
The Political System of the USA
1. Under the Constitution, the federal government is divided into three branches, each chosen in a different manner, each able to check and balance the other.
2. The Executive Branch is headed by the President, who together with the Vice President, is chosen in nationwide elections every four years. The President proposes bills to Congress, enforces federal laws, serves as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and with the approval of the Senate makes treaties and appoints federal judges, ambassadors and other members of the executive departments (the Department of State, Defense, Commerce, Justice, etc.)
3. The Vice President, elected from the same political party as the President, acts as chairman of the Senate, and in the event of the death or disability of the President, assumes the Presidency for the balance of his term.
4. The Legislative Branch is made up of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The 435 seats in the House of Representatives are allocated on the basis of population, although every state has at least two members of the 100-member Senate; a Senator's term of office is six years. Both houses must approve a bill for becoming a law, but the President may veto or refuse to sign it. If so, Congress reconsiders the bill. If two-thirds of the members of both houses then approve it, the bill becomes law even without the President's signature.
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5. The Judicial Branch is made up of the Federal Courts (at least one in every state), 11 Federal Courts of Appeals and, at the top, the Supreme Court. Federal judges are appointed by the President with the approval of the Senate; to minimize political influences, their appointments are for life. Federal courts decide cases involving federal law, conflicts between citizens of different states. An American who feels he has been convicted under an unjust law may appeal his case all the way to the Supreme Court, which may rule that the law is unconstitutional. The law then becomes void.
6. In order to amend the Constitution, Congress must pass the proposed amendment by two-thirds majority vote in each house, and three-fourth of the states must concur. In more than 195 years, the Constitution has been amended 26 times. The first 10 Amendments – the Bill of Rights – guarantee individual liberties: freedom of speech, religion and assembly, the right to the fair trail, the security of one's home. Later amendments chronicle America's struggling for equality and justice for all its people.
7. Выполните лексико-грамматические задания на базе текста №2:
7.1. Выпишите из текста английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений: федеральное правительство, выбирать, национальные выборы, выносить законопроекты, главнокомандующий, назначать, посол, состоять из, срок полномочий, одобрять законопроект, наложить вето, осужденный, подавать апелляцию, Верховный суд, свобода слова.
Найдите и выпишите из текста 2 предложения, содержащие инфинитив. Определите формы и функции инфинитива. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
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