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I . Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты для следующих русских слов и выражений:
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быть любознательным, проводить опыт, прибор, жажда знаний, международный, хорошо оснащённая лаборатория, организовать, колебание, электромагнитные волны, естественный, общество, электрический разряд, расстояние, беспроводная телеграфия, проявить себя, посвятить много времени.
1. Подберите правильно завершение каждой из данных фраз:
| Popov completed… | a director of Electrical Engineering Institute. |
| He performed… | the stuff of the Mining School. |
| Popov's apparatus… | a course of study. |
| He joined… | a pioneer of electrical engineering in Russia. |
| He was appointed… | was installed in observatory. |
| He revealed himself… | a lot of experiments. |
III. Дайте полные ответы на следующие вопросы:
1. When and where was A. S. Popov born? 2. What things was he interested in before entering the University? 3. Where did he receive his higher education? 4. What was his job after graduating? 5. What apparatus did Popov invent in 1895? 6. Where did he demonstrate it? 7. Where was this apparatus installed? 8. Suppose you are asked about pedagogical activities of Popov in the Electrical Engineering Institute, what will you say? 9. Why do people mark the 7th of May as the Day of Radio?
IV. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения:
1. А. С. Попов, великий русский ученый, изобретатель радио, родился в 1859 г. на Урале. 2. В 1877 г. Попов поступил на физико-математический факультет Петербургского Университета. 3. Будучи студентом университета, Попов проводил многочисленные эксперименты с электромагнитными волнами. 4. После окончания он получил право работать при университете и продолжать свои научные исследования. 5. Несколько лет профессор А. С. Попов работал в Электротехническом институте в Петербурге. 6. В 1905 г. он стал первым выборным директором этого института. 7. А. С. Попов одним из первых в России занялся исследованием электромагнитных колебаний, указав на возможность применения электромагнитных волн для беспроволочной передачи сигналов на расстояние. 8. 7 мая 1895 г. на заседании Физического отделения Русского физико-химического общества Попов продемонстрировал созданный им прибор, явившийся первой в мире приёмной радиостанцией.
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V. Перескажите текст " A. S. Popov – Inventor of Radio ", используя данный план.
a) Popov's childhood and youth.
b) His experiments and his famous apparatus.
c) Pedagogical activities of this scientist.
Text 3
Выпишите значения данных слов, пользуясь словарём; выучите их наизусть. Обратите внимание на их произношение:
fluorescent a., alternating a., current n., electricity n., reverse v., wire n., engine n., spin v., shaft n., after all adv., patent n., cause v., set up v., lightning n., genius n., efficient a., still adv.
Nicola Tesla
Nicola Tesla is one of the most important inventors in history: he designed over 120 inventions. Most of them are still used today in one form or another. He invented fluorescent lights, sun-powered engines, robots, the first electric clock, and a very important machine part that is used in all radios and televisions. But, of course, his most important invention was alternating current electricity, or AC.
Tesla was born in 1856 in Croatia. While he was at the University of Prague, he thought of the idea to use an AC current in a motor. He reversed the direct current (DC) that comes from a battery. When Tesla was working as an engineer for the Continental Edison Company, he built the first model of his motor. But the people at the company weren't interested in it. Tesla decided to go to the United States to talk to the great inventor Thomas Edison. But Edison didn't like his idea one bit: after all, he was the inventor of the DC system of electricity.
In early 1888, working in his experimental shop in New York, Tesla built and demonstrated the 'induction' or 'electromagnetic' motor. Tesla's revolutionary motor used a rotating magnetic field, rather than mechanical switches, to spin the rotor. This allowed the more efficient AC power to become the standard for most office and household appliances.
Nicola Tesla created the Tesla Electric Light Company and received 40 patents for AC equipment (patents are legal papers that give a person the right to be the only one to make a new invention).
Tesla continued his work and came up with the idea of an engine that uses the sun's power. After his work with solar power, he became interested in the idea of controlling the weather. He set up a laboratory in Colorado where he developed the Tesla coil, which is a machine part used in radios and televisions. He also created lightning when he tried to transmit electrical energy without wires.
As the years went by, Tesla didn't have the money to finish his projects and people heard less and less about him. In 1915 he refused to share the Nobel Prize with Thomas Edison; he died a poor man at the age of 87.
Tesla was a serious scientist, who was interested only in seeing his inventions work and be used. He is remembered as a creative genius and a very important figure in the field of electrical science.
Задания по тексту " Nicola Tesla "
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I. Подберите определения к данным словам из текста:
fluorescent, set up, reverse, patent, come up with, wire, transmit, genius.
1. to change something so that it goes the other way;
2. very bright, glowing, cool light;
3. to start something new;
4. someone who has an unusually high level of mental skill or ability;
5. a legal paper that gives a person the right to be the only one to make a new invention;
6. to send out or carry across;
7. a piece of metal in the form of a thread, used for carrying electrical currents;
8. to think of an idea.
II. Дайте определения следующим словам на английском языке; составьте 6 предложений, используя каждое из предложенных слов:
i. invention;
ii. solar;
iii. lightning;
iv. to share;
v. creative;
vi. engine.
III. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
a) What are Tesla's inventions? What is the most important one?
b) When did he build the first model of electric motor?
c) Why did he have to go the USA?
d) What is a patent? How many patents for AC equipment did Tesla receive?
e) Where did he develop 'the Tesla coil'?
f) Tesla refused to share the Nobel Prize with Thomas Edison, didn't he? Why?
g) Why is this scientist considered to be a very important figure in the field of electrical science?
IV. Пронумеруйте предложения, восстановив хронологический порядок событий:
i. Tesla created the Tesla Electric Company.
ii. Tesla refused to share the Nobel Prize with Thomas Edison.
iii. Tesla decided to go to the USA.
iv. Tesla set up a laboratory in Colorado.
v. Tesla went to the University of Prague.
vi. Tesla built electromagnetic motor.
Supplementary Texts
Прочитайте текст и выполните задание после текста.
Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) was an American printer, author, publisher, inventor and scientist. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on January 17, 1706. His father was a maker of soap and candles.
Franklin's curiosity about natural phenomena can be observed from his boyhood. In the winter of 1747 he began his experiments with electricity, his famous kitel experiments. He did not know what electricity was, but he did know that it could be passed through a metal wire. The result of this experiment was the lightning conductor, used all over the world.
He marvelled at the newly invented Leyden Jar2 and was among the first to realize that it could store3 electricity. He invented many terms which are still used in electricity (battery, semiconductor, etc.).
Ben Franklin gave the study of electricity a boost. In the hundred years after he flew his kite Coulomb, Ampere, Ohm, and Volta all made important discoveries. The names of these men are familiar to everybody – we have honoured them by naming the units of electrical measurement after them.
Heat, light, sound and magnetism interested Franklin as did hydrodynamics, chemistry, geology, physiology, psychology, oceanography, as well as the social sciences.
Franklin died on April 17, 1790, at the age of 84. Philadelphia, who had elected him mayor, gave him the most impressive funeral that city had ever seen.
Примечания
1. kite – бумажный змей;
2. Leyden Jar – Лейденская банка;
3. store – запасать, накапливать.
Определите, соответствуют ли приводимые положения содержанию текста. Если нет, дайте правильный вариант.
1. Franklin was not interested in social sciences.
2. Franklin helped to find new function of Leyden Jar and used it in his experiment.
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3. In the winter of 1847 he began his experiments with electricity.
4. The result of this experiment was the lightning conductor, used all over the world.
5. The text gives the explanation of some electrical terms invented by Franklin.
Выполните письменный перевод текста о Генрихе Герце.
Heinrich Hertz
One of the most brilliant experimentators in the history of natural science a German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894), being deeply convinced of the truth of the Faraday – Maxwell theory, set himself the task of proving experimentally the existence of free electromagnetic waves. He established the fact that they are governed by the same laws (reflection, refraction, and polarization) as light waves. Having experimentally proved the identity of the properties of electromagnetic waves and light, Hertz controlled them as well.
But nevertheless, these Hertzian waves did not go farther than his laboratory or the university garden in Bonn. His apparatus was not very sensitive for an experiment with greater distances and not suitable at all for experiments aimed at a practical transmission of signals over considerable distances.
The scientific value of Hertz's discovery, however, is not less though he did not find a practical application for it. Hertz's discovery was immediately recognized throughout the world, and Popov was one of the first to begin elaborating further this extremely important scientific advancement. He read papers and delivered public lectures, always pointing out that this new achievement of science is not only of theoretical value, that it may find a practical application.
The path to Popov's great discovery was marked by the investigations of many scientists in different countries.
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