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Именительный падеж с инфинитивом
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Сложное подлежащее состоит из существительного в общем падеже (или местоимения в именительном падеже) + инфинитив (с частицей to).
1. Не is known to work hard. – 1) Известно, что он много работает. 2) Он, как известно, много работает.
2. She seems to know this subject well. – 1) Кажется (по-видимому), она знает этот предмет хорошо. 2) Она, кажется (по-видимому), знает этот предмет хорошо.
3. They are likely to come soon. – 1) Вероятно, они скоро придут. 2) Они, вероятно, скоро придут.
В качестве первой части составного глагольного сказуемого используются следующие глаголы и словосочетания: 1) в страдательном залоге: assume – принимать, считать; believe – полагать; consider – считать; expect – ожидать, полагать; find – находить, оказываться; know – знать; report – сообщать; say – утверждать; show – показывать; state – утверждать; suppose – полагать, предполагать; think – думать, полагать; 2) в действительном залоге: appear, seem – по-видимому, казаться; happen – случаться, оказываться; be certain, be sure – несомненно, конечно; be likely – вероятно; be unlikely – маловероятно, вряд ли.
Exercises
I. Переведите на русский язык следующие английские предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные слова.
1. The text to be translated described first experiments with electricity. 2. What method is to be chosen in this case? 3. The method to be chosen in any particular case depends on many factors. 4. Lomonosov was the first to discover that heat, light and electricity are different forms of movement. 5. It is necessary to multiply volts by amperes to obtain the number of watts.
II. Переведите на русский язык следующие английские предложения, обращая внимание на различные грамматические формы, использованные в функции определения.
1. New types of telemetry equipment to operate with electronic computer are the subject of our next scientific conference. 2. The term 'power' is defined as the work done by the time during which this work is done. 3. The material being examined is to be placed in a magnetic field. 4. Academician Yoffe was the first to notice the great use of transistors for future technology. 5. The problem mentioned above and to be considered in this paper is concerned with new principles of computer design.
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III. Переведите на русский язык следующие английские предложения, обращая внимание на объектный инфинитивный оборот.
1. We know electron to travel from the cathode to the anode. 2. New techniques allowed the properties of this substance to be changed. 3. Newton considered momentum to be the measure of quantity of motion. 4. Science has shown the electron to be a peculiar combination of mass and electrical charge. 5. We believe these rectifiers to have been provided with filters. 6. These substances cause the composition of the liquid to be changed. 7. Friction caused the body to stop. 8. He assumed these vacuum tubes to have been made in all sizes. 9. The engineers consider most tubes of this type to use mercury vapour as the gas. 10. The ancients thought electricity to be an invisible fluid.
IV. Переведите на русский язык следующие английские предложения, обращая внимание на инфинитивную конструкцию с предлогом for.
1. Certain conditions are necessary for the existence of life to be possible on planets. 2. In order for a proton or a neutron to leave the nucleus much energy is required. 3. Four years are required for light to travel from the nearest star to the Earth. 4. Nearly a month is required for the Moon to circle the Earth. 5. For a body to be in equilibrium under the action of any number of forces, two conditions must be met. 6. For the resistance of a conductor to be measured, it is necessary to have some fixed standard, say, the ohm. 7. It is not possible for a liquid to be compressed nearly as much as a gas. 8. High temperature is needed for this reaction to start. 9. Much experimental work is needed for these phenomena to be explained. 10. An electric circuit is a closed path for the electrons to flow.
V. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на оборот "именительный падеж с инфинитивом".
a) 1. These devices are considered to be very effective. 2. All the students are supposed to know Newton's law of mechanics. 3. These changes are expected to take place due to the earth magnetism. 4. The results of the tests have been found to be interesting. 5. Solar cells are known to find some applications in spaceflights. 6. This substance may be assumed to be compound.
b) 1. He seems to know a great deal about the history of radioengineering. 2. These two scientists happened to work at the same problem. 3. Natural uranium has been proved to consist mainly of two isotopes. 4. This method appears to be quite satisfactory. 5. The weather is likely to change to-morrow. 6. He is certain tomake a good report at the conference, as he has read a lot of technical journals. 7. They are sure to be sent to some research institute after graduating from the Institute.
VI. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на инфинитивные обороты.
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1. We know isotopes to be atoms of the same atomic number but of different atomic weights. 2. Copper wire is known tobe very durable under ordinary atmospheric conditions. 3. Cosmic rays have been found to belong to two energy groups. 4. We expect a new motor to operate at least several months without a fault. 5. The committee is expected to meet tomorrow. 6. The methods described below are thought to be of interest. 7. We know Isaac Newton to express the connection between force and motion in the form of several laws.
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