Interceptors. AD artillery. Avenger self-propelled air defense system. M163 Vulcan air defense system

INTERCEPTORS

These are represented in the USADC by F-16 Fighting Falcon and F-5 Eagle aircraft equipped with Sparrow, Sidewinder and Falcon air-to-air missiles to attack targets not only from astern as in the case with gun-armed interceptors but also on collision courses.

Fighter-interceptor is a high performance supersonic aircraft capable of rocketing to 40, 000 ft in two or three minutes and of attaining Mach 2 to identify and/or destroy other aircraft. This requires a high wing loading and a highly swept and low aspect ratio wing. In addition, it requires a reliable navigation system (e. g. inertial navigation based on inertial platforms), a nose AI radar and communications and weapon control gear for a so-called ‘all-weather’ capability, to ensure position advantage of the interceptor over the target since the high closing speeds involved in present-day attacks mean that even in daylight the task of locating an enemy and maneuvering into an attacking position is virtually beyond the ability of the human eye and brain to react fast enough. The interceptor's low payload usually consists of air-to-air missiles and guns with very high rates of fire; these are fired automatically by the ranging radar or electronic fire control unit, which releases the weapons when the target is in range and within the attack area.

AD ARTILLERY

Since no single weapon system is able to counter the variety of available aerial attack weapons, the defense must be composed of complementary AD weapons. Thus, ADA is the principal Army AD means. It also provides for the protection of important objects. Current ADA weapons are the Avenger and the M163 Vulcan Self-propelled Anti-aircraft Gun System.

AVENGER SELF-PROPELLED AIR DEFENSE SYSTEM

crew
combat weight	3901kg
hull length	4. 95m
width	2. 49m
tactical height	2. 64m
ground clearance	410mm
wheelbase	3. 3m
armament	8 Stinger SAM, 12. 7mm machine gun with 200 rounds
powerplant	135hp air-cooled V8 diesel
suspension	independent
obstacle clearance	0. 56m
Configuration: 4x4		Gun elevation/depression: +70°/-10°
Engine: GM V-8 diesel 150 hp		Turret traverse: 360°
Max road speed: 105 km/h		Launch max speed: Mach 4
Range: 563 km		Max effective range: 7, 000 m
Armament: 2x4 Stinger SAMs and 1x12. 7 mm M2 MG		Min effective range: 300 m

 

M163 VULCAN AIR DEFENSE SYSTEM

crew
combat weight	12490kg
hull length	4. 93m
width	2. 69m
tactical height	2. 64m
ground clearance	406mm
track width	381mm
armament	6x20mm guns
sensors/fire controls	visual tracking, M61A1, AN/VPS-2 radar, AN/TVS-2B night vision sight
powerplant	215hp water-cooled V6 diesel
suspension	torsion bar
obstacle clearance	0. 61m
Power-to-weight ratio: 17. 46 hp/t		Armament: 1x6 barrel 20 mm cannon
Ground pressure: 0. 61 kg/cm2		Ammunition: 2, 280 rounds
Max road speed: 67. 6 km/h		Max rate power traverse: 60°/s
Max water speed: 5. 6 km/h		Max rate power elevation: 45°/s
Range: 483 km		Gun elevation/depression: +80°/-5°
Armour: 12-38 mm		Turret traverse: 360°
		Max effective range: 2, 600 m

COMMENTARY:

1. Terms and Definitions:

All-weather interceptor is the aircraft that can make a ‘blind’ Intercept (ground control guides the aircraft to the target area, until the airborne radar can take over and home in for the final intercept).

Inertial platform is the platform that consists of a gyroscopically stabilized assembly on which some accelerometers are mounted. The gyroscopes have the well-known property of retaining stability.

If an object containing an inertial platform is moved, the platform will ‘sense’ and record the movement. It is, therefore, possible to navigate by using an inertial platform, since it can locate accurately its own position relative to its known starting position: given that one knows where one is at the start.

Exercise 5. Translate the following questions by ear and answer them in English:

1. Как американские военные специалисты оценивают потенциальные возможности межконтинентальных баллистических ракет?

2. Что вам известно о тех многочисленных модернизациях, которые претерпели зенитные ракетные комплексы за рубежом?

3. В какой степени в современных зенитных ракетных комплексах применяются электронно-вычислительные устройства?

4. Как вы думаете, почему зенитные ствольные системы не снимаются с производства и состоят на вооружении современных систем ПВО?

5. Почему крыло самолета перехватчика рассчитывается на высокую удельную нагрузку?

6. Для чего предназначена бортовая поисково-прицельная РЛС перехватчика?

7. Является ли система ПРО " Сейфгард" единственной в арсенале средств борьбы с МБР?

Exercise 7. Translate the following words and word combinations by ear:

Projected antimissile; later AD developments; miniaturized electronics; position advantage; ranging radar; to align towards these coordinated; to re-evaluate an evasive action; electronic fire-control unit; high-acceleration missile; inertial platform; control package; target area; automated control system; AD gun; to deploy AD means; target-seeking head; astern; wing loading, Kорабельная зенитная управляемая ракета; ЗРК; встречно-пересе­ка­ющий­­­ся курс; крыло малого удлинения; аппаратура управления; зона выхода на цель; режим управления на конечном участке траектории; АСУ; групповая цель; сигнал коррекции; носовая РЛС; занимать выгодное положение для атаки; приборы управления артиллерийским зенитным огнем; противозенитный маневр.

 

Exercise 8. Make a two-way translation:

Перехват и уничтожение воздушных целей является конечной задачей противовоздушной обороны.	The main missiles used in NATO Europe for defense against high and medium altitude air attack are the Patriot SAMs.
Зенитная артиллерия делится на малокалиберную, среднекалиберную и крупнокалиберную.	The AA 20 mm twin with two rapid-fire guns and fire control equipment is a modern powerful AA system specially adapted for low-flying aircraft and ground targets.
В качестве основного средства уничтожения баллистических ракет США собираются применять специальные управляемые снаряды-ан­ти­ра­кеты (перехватчики) с высокими летно-тактическими характеристиками.	A typical ABM system consists of interceptor missiles, acquisition and tracking radars, data processing equipment and command-and-control communications.
Благодаря новейшим достижениям ЗУР обладают большой скоростью, высотой и дальностью полета, высокой маневренностью и точностью поражения.	All modern nations are now seriously considering how to improve their defenses against low level air attack.

Exercise 9. Translate the following text at sight:

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