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Read the following sentences and translate them into Russian.
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1. Any delay in the production process is costly to a company. 3. Not many parents can afford private education for their children. 5. The whole of his life has been dominated by fear of failure. 10. You should report the loss of your passport to the police station. 11. When I asked her about where she wanted the meeting to be held she didn’t express any preference. 12. French people usually prefer to buy goods that are made in France. 13. Traffic is being diverted to a side road because of the accident. 14. The loss of money forced her to sell her house. 15. Staff problems are seriously hampering the work of the government central computers. 16. Tornadoes occur when a warm weather front meets a body of very cold air. 17. Journalists should try to restrict themselves to reporting fairly and honestly what has really happened. 18. You should not allow your children to do as they wish. You should set limits to them. 19. More attention to road safety and an update of driving standards can only result in a decrease in road accidents.
Ex. 4. Choose the right word and translate the sentences.
1. You can expect long (preferences, delays, limits) on the roads because of vacation traffic. 2. The building was never finished because of a (lack, loss, fear) of money. 3. The accident (occurred, diverted, resulted) in the death of two passengers. 4. We set a time (effort, limit, delay) of thirty minutes for the test. The factory closed with the (density, lack, loss) of 45 jobs. 5. This sound doesn’t (occur, prefer, result) in his language, so it’s difficult for him to pronounce. 6. Cleaning up polluted rivers will take considerable time and (force, preference, effort). 7. She apologized for the (delay, fear, effort) in answering. 8. The quarrel (restricted, resulted, occurred) in his mother leaving the house. 9. All our (results, efforts, forces) only resulted in the knot becoming tighter. 10. The game (preferred, restricted, resulted) in another victory of our team. 11. He admitted that his failure had been caused by his (lack, fear, delay) of courage.
Ex. 5. Translate the italicized words into Russian using their dictionary definitions.
income – money received, periodically or in a year, from one's work, investments, etc.;
downtown – the lower or more central part of a town or city;
to bypass – to go round (a town, difficulty, etc.);
to promote – to help forward; encourage (a cause, process, etc.);
to destroy – to pull or break down; to ruin;
neighbour – a person living next door to or near or nearest another;
similar – like, alike.
Read the following sentences and translate them into Russian.
1. I think your neighbors live beyond their income: they don’t work but travel a lot around the world. 2. The English destroyed the monastery and half a century afterwards rebuilt it. 3. He lives within his income and can’t afford any luxuries. 4. I failed to fix my TV set and was forced to ask my neighbor to help me. 5. New Orleans' downtown is the old quarter north of Canal Street. 6. It's no good trying to bypass the law. 7. Regular exercise promotes all-round good health. 8. Similar problems have been discussed since 1980 but the subject of my research work is completely novel. 9. Francis bypassed his manager and wrote straight to the director. 10. She works for a law firm in downtown Miami. 11. The earthquake destroyed even the tallest buildings in the city. 12. We have similar tastes in music. 13. Interstate highway #8 bypasses the town to the north.
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Ex. 6. The words affect and effect are often mixed up. We’d like to remind you that affect is a verb, it means to cause a change or to influence; effect is usually a noun meaning result or change; the expression to have an effect means to affect.
Fill in the blanks putting either affect or effect. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. The cold weather ♦ everybody’s work. 2. The war seriously ♦ petrol prices. 3. The war had a serious ♦ on petrol prices. 4. The tobacco companies claimed that their advertisements had little ♦ on the overall level of cigarette sales. 5. I tried using different detergents to remove the stain, but without much ♦. 6. The ♦ of the strike were felt across the country. 7. A change in the speed limit ♦ everyone’s driving habits. 8. Some kinds of punishment have almost no ♦ at all. 9. I hope this new job will not ♦ your schoolwork. 10. What will be ♦ on the environment?
Ex. 7. There are some words in English which are often mixed up, for example:
customs – таможня, таможенная пошлина;
a customer – заказчик, клиент;
a custom – привычка, обычай, традиция;
a customs officer - таможенник;
a consumer – потребитель.
Mind the difference between customer and client:
a customer buys goods in a shop or company,
a client pays for services or advice from a professional person or organization.
Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. We don’t get many customers on Mondays – Saturday is our busiest day. 2. The custom here is not to shake the hand of a woman. 3. Ford has launched a big new sales campaign in an effort to bring in new customers. 4. The Defense Department is one of Lockhead ’s biggest regular customers. 5. She follows Islamic custom by covering her hair. 6. All baggage must go through customs. 7. A new consumer advice center has opened next to City Hall. 8. Companies have been forced to give in to consumers’ demands for more environmentally friendly products. 9. We may have to pass increases in the price of raw materials on to the consumer. 10. You won’t be able to take that through customs. 11. Sometimes a social worker has to act against a client’s wishes. 12. Customs is a government department that collects taxes on goods that people bring into a country. 13. Ford has launched a big new sales campaign in an effort to bring in new customers. 14. Consumers have a right to know what they are buying. 15. She advises clients on their investments. 16. A customs officer is a law enforcement agent who enforces customs laws, on behalf of a government.
Ex. 8. A. What do the prefixes in the box mean? Match the prefixes in the box with the meanings. (There are two prefixes for one meaning.)
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| 1. do something again | mis- un- over- re- dis- under - |
| 2. do something badly or incorrectly | |
| 3. reverse an action | |
| 4. do something too much | |
| 5. lack of something |
B. Complete the sentences with a suitable verb, using a prefix from the box above. The first one is done for you.
1. If she fails her exam, she can retake it in the autumn.
2. I wrote the wrong answer because I ♦ the question.
3. When I ♦ I feel even more tired when I wake up.
4. I got to the hotel at 4.00 but I couldn’t ♦ my stuff until later.
5. I turned left instead of right. Obviously I ♦ what she said.
6. It’s closed for the summer, but it will ♦ in September.
7. The children were here a minute ago, but now they’ve ♦.
8. John had a key but it wouldn’t ♦ the door.
9. A: It says here £3, but the man asked me for £5.
B: In that case he has ♦ you.
10. Do you think I can ♦ my homework if it’s not very good?
11. It’s crazy that unemployment is sky-high while so many companies are still ♦.
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